电阻加热修复佳乐麝香污染土壤的工艺优化

佳乐麝香(Galaxolide,HHCB)是土壤中的一种新兴的半挥发性有机污染物,具有较高的毒性,需修复治理.电阻加热技术(electrical resistance heating,ERH)因加热均匀、效果好,逐渐被应用于有机污染土壤修复工程.采用自主研制的电阻加热装置,研究了加热过程中电场强度、土壤含水率和土壤粒径...     

环巢湖水资源特色旅游开发研究

随着区域经济的发展，环巢湖区域旅游日渐兴起。从发展区域经济、开发优势资源和形成旅游吸引力3个方面分析，环巢湖水体旅游资源特色开发具有必然性。根据生态化、序位性、个性化、市场化的原则，可考虑开发5种特色旅游产品：湖光山色文化游、温泉保健度假游、两岸观光休闲游、农家亲水生态游、水战遗迹科考与红色游。     

微波联合活性炭纤维处理剩余污泥的研究

利用活性炭纤维吸波能力强,重复利用的性能,以其为催化剂,联合微波辐射对剩余污泥进行催化氧化预处理.结果表明,当微波功率700W,辐照时间60s,活性炭纤维投加量0.32 g/g SS,污泥分解率可达30.9％,与单独微波辐照相比,污泥分解率增大一倍.由于微生物胞外聚合物(EPS)被分解、胞内物质释放到液相中,使污泥上清...     

Enhanced degradation of bioremediation residues in petroleum-contaminated soil using a two-liquid-phase bioslurry reactor

A study was performed to determine the potential of two-liquid-phase (TLP) bioslurry reactors using silicon oil as solvent for degradation of residual contaminants in petroleum-contaminated soil. The residues were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. This allowed for the identification of a mixture of residual biomarkers, metabolic byproducts, oxygenated and hetero-polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the contaminated soil. The removal amount of total extractable organics (TEO) was 15 900 mg kg⁻¹ soil in the TLP reactor within 12 weeks. However, TEO remained intact in the bioslurry reactor without the addition of silicon oil for the duration of the experiment, due to high toxicity of metabolites to the microorganisms. The availability of TEO was calculated using a mild extraction with Triton X-100, and the amount of TEO extracted was in accord with the amount of biodegraded TEO. Significantly reduced toxicity in soil was observed at week 12 through TLP remediation. Dehydrogenase activity in the bioslurry reactor was strongly suppressed. Fluorescein diacetate was significantly hydrolyzed by the composition of bioremediation residues in the contaminated soil. Microbial adhesion to the solvent was revealed by the determination of microbial activity in the water-immiscible-liquid.     

微生物对石油烃类的降解机理

文章分析了生物降解需要的条件、环境因素对石油烃微生物降解的影响,石油烃类的有氧降解机理、有氧降解方式,石油烃类的厌氧降解机理、厌氧降解过程中某些无机含氧化合物作受氢体的递氢过程,石油烃类化合物微生物降解难易程度,提出了以后应进一步重视原油的生物降解应用于我国微生物采油的研究。     

Effects and mechanism of freeze-thawing cycles on the soil N2O fluxes in the temperate semi-arid steppe

High nitrous oxide(N2O) emissions during freeze-thawing period(FTP) have been observed in many different ecosystems. However, the knowledge about the dynamic of soil N_2O emissions and its main driving mechanism during the freeze-thawing processes in grassland ecosystem is still limited. An in-situ experiment was conducted during the FTP on the sites with 0 and 15% surplus of the average rainfall and two levels of N addition(0,10 g N/(m~2·year)) during growing season(marked as W0N0, W15N0, W0N10, W15N10, respectively) to explore the effects of water and N background on soil N_2O emissions during FTPs and the relationship between soil N_2O emissions and environmental factors. The results indicated that water and N treatments conducted during growing season did not show significant effect on the N_2O effluxes of FTP, but the soil mineral N contents of W0N10 treatment were significantly higher than those of W0N0, W15N0, W15N10treatments(p 0.05). The soil PLFA concentrations of microbial groups monitored during 2015 spring freeze-thawing period(2015S-FTP) were lower than those during winter freeze-thawing period of 2014(2014W-FTP), while cumulative soil N_2O emissions of 2015S-FTP were higher than those of 2014W-FTP. The correlations between soil N_2O effluxes and most of the measured environmental factors were insignificant, multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that the soil temperature, soil NH_4~+-N content and air temperature were the major environmental factors which significantly influenced the N_2O effluxes during 2014W-FTP, and air temperature and soil water content were the significant influencing factors during 2015S-FTP.     

香港大气能见度与污染物长期变化的特征和相互关系

利用香港天文台40年(1968~2007年)的能见度数据,中西区空气监测站24年(1984~2007年)的空气质量数据,采用多元回归法,分析了香港地区大气环境状况与大气污染物变化的关系.结果表明,香港地区1968~2007年间低能见度时数百分比平均每10年上升3.1%,其中,其上升趋势在1968~1989年较为平缓(平均0.7%/10a),20世纪90年代后(1990~2007年)则较为明显(平均7.3%/10a),且与地面臭氧浓度呈同步上升趋势.1993年前,低能见度时数百分比与NO2和NOx相关性显著,1993年后,与其相关性显著的污染物则是O3、SO2和NO2.这说明香港地区能见度的恶化在1993年前与光化学烟雾有关,但在1993年后则同时受光化学烟雾和与硫酸盐粒子有关的气溶胶烟雾的共同影响.     

基于故障树和层次分析的可靠性分配方法

可靠性分配是可靠性设计的一个重要环节,是一个在达到系统整体安全要求的同时减少花费并提高公共安全的优化过程。面向复杂系统,提出一种基于故障树分析和层次分析的可靠性分配方法,分两步将可靠性目标分配到最小割集后再分配到基本事件,从而实现系统的总体可靠性有效地分配到子系统和零部件上。该方法将专家主观判断与故障树客观计算结果相结合,并提出了新的分配函数,可以根据子系统和零部件的特点有效提高其可靠性,解决了目前方法中所存在的分配效率低、分配结果不合理等问题。最后,利用复杂系统模型的可靠性分配算例检验了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

日光温室蔬菜中百菌清残留状况及不同处理对其的影响

近些年来,食品安全问题逐渐成为人们关注的热点,而农药残留由于其对食品安全和人类健康的影响,引起了广泛的关注.随着越来越多的温室蔬菜出现在人们的生活中,其农药残留势必会对人们的健康产生巨大的影响.本文应用气相色谱法研究两种常见温室蔬菜(黄瓜、番茄)的农药百菌清残留情况及不同处理对其的影响.结果表明,百菌清在这两种温室蔬菜中严重超标,而实验中所采取的类似家庭采用的流水洗净和去皮两种不同处理方式都可以有效降低百菌清的残留量,去皮的效果更为显著.     

氟工厂附近青少年体内全氟化合物(PFASs)暴露特征分析及其与性征发育水平关联性初探

本研究采用分层随机整群抽样方法选取232名13—16岁在校中学生,进行问卷调查和体格检查,使用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定血清中18种PFASs含量,运用有序多分类Logistic回归分析PFASs暴露与性征发育水平的关联性.血清中共检出16种PFASs,其中有11种检出率大于60%.PFOA为主要污染物,占检出PFASs总含量的67.8%—97.7%,中位数为94.2 ng·mL~(-1).男生PFBA和PFHpA浓度高于女生,PFHpA和PFOA浓度随学生家庭至工厂距离增大而下降,P0.05,具有统计学意义.男生阴毛发育与PFOA、PFOS和PFNA有关,PFOA中低浓度组(Q_2)、PFOS中高浓度组(Q_3)、PFNA中高浓度组(Q_3)和高浓度组(Q_4)相对于各自低浓度组(Q_1)与男生阴毛发育负相关,OR(95%CI)分别为0.291(0.091—0.935)、0.214(0.065—0.701)、0.246(0.079—0.771)和0.197(0.058—0.666),P0.05.男生外生殖器发育与PFNA有关,中低浓度组(Q_2)和高浓度组(Q_4)相对于低浓度组(Q_1)与男生外生殖器发育呈负相关,OR(95%CI)分别为0.200(0.058—0.689)和0.179(0.047—0.682),P0.05.女生阴毛发育与PFHxS有关,中低浓度组(Q_2)相对于低浓度组(Q_1)与阴毛发育水平负相关,OR(95%CI)为0.360(0.138—0.938),P0.05.该地区青少年处于PFOA高暴露水平,部分PFASs与青少年性征发育负相关,可能对青春期性发育产生影响.