Atmospheric emission characterization of a novel sludge drying and co-combustion system

A novel system combining sludge drying and co-combustion with coal was applied in disposing sludge and its atmospheric emission characteristics were tested. The system was composed of a hollow blade paddle dryer, a thermal drying exhaust gas control system, a 75 tons/hr circulating fluidized bed and a flue gas cleaning system. The emissions of NH3, SO2, CH4 and some other pollutants released from thermal drying, and pollutants such as NOx, SO2 etc. discharged by the incinerator, were all tested. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans （PCDD/Fs） in the flue gas from the incinerator were investigated as well. The results indicated that the concentrations of NOx and SO2 in the flue gas from the incinerator were 145 and 16 mg/m^3, respectively, and the I-TEQ concentration of 2,3,7,8-substitued PCDD/Fs was 0.023 ng I-TEQ/Nm^3. All these values were greatly lower than the emission standards of China. In addition, there was no obvious odor in the air around the sludge dryer. The results demonstrated that this drying and co-combustion system is efficient in controlling pollutants and is a feasible way for large-scale treatment of industrial sludge and sewage sludge.     

河北省夏玉米气候适宜度及其变化特征分析

采用逐日气象要素和统计方法,建立了河北省夏玉米(Zea Mays)各生育期气候适宜度评价模型,计算了河北省1981—2010年逐年夏玉米各生育期气温、降水、日照、气候适宜度值,并对夏玉米各生育期气候适宜度特征及变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明:夏玉米生长期间气温适宜度最高,日照次之,降水最低且变异系数最大。气温适宜度以夏玉米灌浆期最低,变异系数最大;日照和降水适宜度均以抽雄期最低且变异系数最大。多年适宜度变化趋势为:全生育期日照适宜度明显下降(下降速率为0.047/10a);气温适宜度基本持平;降水适宜度波动较大,无明显变化规律。幼苗和灌浆期气候适宜度呈下降趋势(下降速率分别为0.015/10a,0.024/10a),其中幼苗期气候适宜度下降由期间气温和日照适宜度下降引起;灌浆期气候适宜度下降由日照和降水适宜度下降引起。     

河北省夏玉米气候适宜度及其变化特征分析

采用逐日气象要素和统计方法,建立了河北省夏玉米（Zea Mays）各生育期气候适宜度评价模型,计算了河北省1981—2010年逐年夏玉米各生育期气温、降水、日照、气候适宜度值,并对夏玉米各生育期气候适宜度特征及变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明：夏玉米生长期间气温适宜度最高,日照次之,降水最低且变异系数最大。气温适宜度以夏玉米灌浆期最低,变异系数最大;日照和降水适宜度均以抽雄期最低且变异系数最大。多年适宜度变化趋势为：全生育期日照适宜度明显下降（下降速率为0.047/10a）;气温适宜度基本持平;降水适宜度波动较大,无明显变化规律。幼苗和灌浆期气候适宜度呈下降趋势（下降速率分别为0.015/10a,0.024/10a）,其中幼苗期气候适宜度下降由期间气温和日照适宜度下降引起;灌浆期气候适宜度下降由日照和降水适宜度下降引起。     

Change of air quality and its impact on atmospheric visibility in central-western Pearl River Delta

Ambient air quality data, including atmospheric visibility, of Foshan city, a highly polluted city in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), and data obtained by the On-line Air Pollutant Exhaust Monitoring Network (OAPEMN), recently established by the National Emission Monitoring and Control Network for major industrial enterprises, were analyzed and are reported here for the first time, revealing the change in air pollution patterns and its impact on visibility degradation in the last decade. Reduced visibility of less than 8 km (after elimination of rainy and foggy periods) was found 22% of the time from 1998 to 2008, accompanied by elevated levels of pollutants, especially SO₂ and PM₁₀, in comparison with that of other developed cities. However, PM₁₀ showed a steady decreasing trend (0.004 mg m^???3 year^???1) during 2001?C2008, in contrast to the noticeable increase in ambient NO₂ concentrations from ~0.020 mg m^???3 before 2005 to above 0.050 mg m^???3 afterward. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the percentage of reduced visibility strongly correlated with PM₁₀ concentration, suggesting that visibility degradation was directly proportional to the loading of particles. Moreover, the fairly significant correlation between reduced visibility and NO₂ concentration also implied that the impact of primary emissions of NO₂ and enhanced secondary pollutants, formed via photochemical processes in the atmosphere, could not be ignored. The decreased PM₁₀ levels were obviously the predominant factor for the improvement in visibility (5.0% per 0.01 mg m^???3) and were likely due to the implementation of stricter air pollution control measures for industrial exhaust, which also resulted in reduced SO₂ pollution levels in the recent 2 years. In particular, the OAPEMN records showed an overall enhanced SO₂ removal by 64% in major industrial sectors. The continuous increase in road traffic and lack of efficient NO _x control strategies in the PRD region, however, caused an increase in ambient NO₂ concentrations.     

基于LMDI模型和Q型聚类的中国城镇生活碳排放因素分解分析

为研究城镇居民生活碳排放特征及影响因素,基于LMDI模型从全国和省级层面研究了我国30个省、自治区、直辖市（不含港澳台及西藏自治区）2006-2015年的城镇生活碳排放,将城镇生活碳排放分解为生活能源消费结构效应、生活能源强度效应、消费倾向效应、人均可支配收入效应和城镇人口规模效应,分析各效应逐年和累积效应贡献度以及区域差异,并基于LMDI模型的计算结果对我国30个省、自治区、直辖市进行Q型聚类分析.结果表明:①从全国层面看,人均可支配收入、城镇人口规模是刺激因素,其中,人均可支配收入的影响效应最为显著,而消费倾向、生活能源消费结构、生活能源强度抑制了生活碳排放的增长.②从省级层面看,人均可支配收入、城镇人口规模的累积效应均为正,而消费倾向、生活能源消费结构、生活能源强度对各省、自治区、直辖市生活碳排放的影响效应有正有负,显示出显著差异.因此,政府应引导城镇人口合理增长,并积极制定相应政策优化居民生活能源消费结构.在制定碳减排战略时,要将省级生活碳排放的表面特征与其潜在驱动力相结合,根据不同区域有针对性地实施碳减排政策,同时应及时作出调整,以应对不同的发展阶段.      

Carbon dioxide fixation by Chlorella sp. USTB-01 with a fermentor-helical combined photobioreactor

A promising microalgal strain isolated from fresh water, which can grow both autotrophically on inorganic carbon under lighting and heterotrophically on organic carbon without lighting, was identified as Chlorella sp. USTB-01 with the phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequences. In the heterotrophic batch culture, more than 20.0 g·L^?1 of cell dry weight concentration (DWC) of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 was obtained at day 5, and which was used directly to seed the autotrophic culture. A novel fermentor-helical combined photobioreactor was established and used to cultivate Chlorella sp. USTB-01 for the fixation of carbon dioxide (CO₂). It showed that the autotrophic growth of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 in the combined photobioreactor was more effective than that in the fermentor alone and the maximum DWC of 2.5 g·L^?1 was obtained at day 6. The highest CO₂ fixation of 95% appeared on day 1 in the exponential growth phases of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 and 49.8% protein was found in the harvested microalgal cells.     

日光温室蔬菜中百菌清残留状况及不同处理对其的影响

近些年来,食品安全问题逐渐成为人们关注的热点,而农药残留由于其对食品安全和人类健康的影响,引起了广泛的关注.随着越来越多的温室蔬菜出现在人们的生活中,其农药残留势必会对人们的健康产生巨大的影响.本文应用气相色谱法研究两种常见温室蔬菜(黄瓜、番茄)的农药百菌清残留情况及不同处理对其的影响.结果表明,百菌清在这两种温室蔬菜中严重超标,而实验中所采取的类似家庭采用的流水洗净和去皮两种不同处理方式都可以有效降低百菌清的残留量,去皮的效果更为显著.     

凝聚法处理水中腐植质的初步研究

通过凝聚试验确定ＡＩ盐，Ｆｅ盐处理腐植持的最佳ｐＨ值，最佳投加量，并从机理入手探讨产生影响的原因，为改进对策提供理论依据。     

In vitro genotoxicity of exhaust emissions of diesel and gasoline engine vehicles operated on a unified driving cycle

Acetone extracts of engine exhaust particulate matter (PM) and of vapor-phase semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) collected from a set of 1998-2000 model year normal emitter diesel engine automobile or light trucks and from a set of 1982-1996 normal emitter gasoline engine automobiles or light trucks operated on the California Unified Driving Cycle at 22 [degree]C were assayed for in vitro genotoxic activities. Gasoline and diesel PM were comparably positive mutagens for Salmonella typhimurium strains YG1024 and YG1029 on a mass of PM extract basis with diesel higher on a mileage basis; gasoline SVOC was more active than diesel on an extracted-mass basis, with diesel SVOC more active on a mileage basis. For chromosomal damage indicated by micronucleus induction in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells), diesel PM expressed about one-tenth that of gasoline PM on a mass of extract basis, but was comparably active on a mileage basis; diesel SVOC was inactive. For DNA damage in V79 cells indicated by the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay, gasoline PM was positive while diesel PM was active at the higher doses; gasoline SVOC was active with toxicity preventing measurement at high doses, while diesel SVOC was inactive at all but the highest dose.     

烟道气处理焦化剩余氨水的研究

发明专利“烟道气处理焦剩余氨水或全部废水的方法”在江苏淮钢集团焦化剩余氨水处理工程中获得成功应用，它不仅有效地处理了焦化剩余氨水，实现了废水零排放，而且烟道气达标外排，对烟道气还有脱硫的效果。