不同喜树碱制剂对普通小球藻的毒性比较

以普通小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）为试验材料,连续10d测定了新型生物农药喜树碱3种不同的制剂对普通小球藻的毒性.结果表明：0.2%喜树碱乳油对普通小球藻毒性最高（EC50值在0.0368～0.2547mg.L-1）,其中第3天的EC50值最小为0.0368mg.L-1;0.5%喜树碱钠盐的毒性较低（...     

中国区域环评的特点浅析

随着项目环评的发展,区域环境影响评价逐渐兴起,区域环评是对区域开发项目环境影响的一种反应性评估,更加突出区域性和综合性的特征。但是中国区域环评的发展也一定程度上造成了与规划环评的重叠。所以工作起来常常会出现混乱。如城市中的工业园有用规划环评去做的,也有按区域环评去做的,有的环评名义上是规划环评,实质是按区域环评导则去评的。为此,本文介绍了区域环评的发展及特点,并与项目环评及规划环评进行了比较研究,指出对今后区域环评的发展提出若干建议。     

Assessment of metals in dry-toilet collected matters from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar,Mongolia, using biosolids quality guidelines and potential ecological risk index

Dry-toilet collected matter （DCM） from traditional dry-toilet pits are a potential health and ecological risk in suburban areas. In this study, the characteristics of metals in DCMs from suburban areas of Ulaanbaatar were surveyed. The results indicate that DCMs contain a high percentage of organic matter and nutrients, while heavy metals are at low levels, which shows good agricultural potential. The concentration ranges of Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 11±5, 46±9, 0.08±0.05, 9±3, 17±9, and 338±86mg·kg^-1, respectively. The concentration of Cd was below 0.5 mg.kgl, and a high positive relation was shown between chromium and nickel concentrations. The heavy metals in DCMs were safe for land application but Zn in DCMs was close to the effects range median （ERM）, which is toxic in some cases, such as amphipod bioassays. Because it is mandatory to treat DCMs to reduce pathogens, in the case of heavy metal enrichment and agricultural reuse, composting or pyrolysis are better choices than incinera- tion. Compared with global soil background values, the heavy metals in DCMs showed a low level of ecological risk, but a medium level when compared with Mongolian soil background values. The ecological risk of six heavy metals was in the descending order Hg 〉 Cu 〉 Zn 〉 Pb 〉 Ni 〉 Cr and the contribution rate of Hg exceeded 60%.     

废酸中氟化物含量测定方法的探讨

通过对废酸中各主要成分的分析,对氟离子选择电极法测定氟化物的原理的剖析,最终选择先调节待测溶液的酸碱度去除干扰后,再进行氟化物含量的测定。使用国标所描述去干扰的方法进行验证,最终得出两种方法所测得的氟化物含量结果一致。通过回标回收实验,确定测定结果的准确度也达到国标要求。     

ABR-生物接触氧化工艺处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液

采用ABR反应器与生物接触氧化法相结合的工艺处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液。运行结果表明:该工艺对COD具有较高的去除率,对水力负荷、容积负荷具有较强的抗冲击能力,在处理垃圾渗滤液方面具有一定的工艺先进性。     

Petroleum hydrocarbons and their effects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea, North China

Systematic studies on the changes in concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) and their e ects on fishery species in the Bohai Sea during 1974–2004 are presented. Changes in PHs concentrations were closely related to Yellow River runo . Concentrations of PHs accumulated in fish and shrimp increased by about 0.712 mg/kg dry weight when trophic level of fish and shrimps increased by 1. Attention should also be paid to the high PHs concentrations in mollusks along the coastal waters of the Bohai Sea. Average concentration of PHs in the adjacent coastal waters of Tianjin City during 1996–2005 decreased the population growth rates of fish, crustaceans and mollusks in the Bohai Sea by 2.58%, 6.59% and 2.33%, respectively. Therefore, PHs have significantly contributed to the decline in fisheries in the Bohai Sea, and they must be reduced to realize the sustainable fisheries.     

南昌市PM2.5中游离氨基酸的浓度、来源与分布特征

于2021年3—4月在南昌市森林地区和城市地区采集大气PM_2.5样品,测定其游离氨基酸(Free Amino Acids,FAAs)浓度.结果表明,南昌市森林地区大气气溶胶中总FAAs浓度为0.093～0.885 nmol·m^-3,平均浓度为(0.451±0.197)nmol·m^-3;城市地区大气气溶胶中总FAAs浓度为0.393～1.316 nmol·m^-3,平均浓度为(0.586±0.227)nmol·m^-3;森林地区FAAs浓度明显低于城市地区.对氨基酸组成占比分析发现,森林与城市地区氨基酸组成相似,最丰富的氨基酸均为Pro,Gly次之,Ala、Val、Leu、Ile为主要氨基酸.城市地区疏水性氨基酸(46.25%)高于森林地区(41.57%),这说明疏水性FAAs可能更适合在城市空气中聚集.通过相关性分析发现,温度对城市地区多个FAA浓度均有显著影响(p<0.05).随着温度的升高,FAAs浓度也升高.O₃对城市FAAs有显著影响(r=0.6...     

Dissolved inorganic tin sources and its coupling with eco-environments in Bohai Bay

Dissolved inorganic tin (DISn) and its spatial variation were examined in Bohai Bay seawaters to understand the DISn behavior and pollution in this area. DISn concentration gradually increased with the distance from the coast and showed a slight decrease with the increasing depth from surface water, suggesting the scavenged behavior of tin with an atmospheric input to surface water. Besides, the higher DISn values also were found near the Haihe Estuary inferring that the riverine input was a source of DISn. Based on the data in this study, a preliminary estimate of the tin budget via riverine input and atmospheric deposition has been established. According to our estimate, about 2 × 10⁶ and 8.47 × 10⁵ g/year of tin reach Bohai Bay via rivers and atmosphere. Environmental factors such as suspended particulate material, salinity, total organic matter, pH, nutrients, and phytoplankton had the important influences on DISn distribution. Among them, the negative correlation between DISn and phytoplankton at most stations might indicate the biological uptake of tin.     

掺硼金刚石三电极系统处理垃圾渗滤液实验研究

实验以掺硼金刚石电极为阳极构建三电极系统处理稳定的垃圾渗滤液。考察了稀释比、初始pH值、电流密度和极板间距4个因素对垃圾渗滤液污染物去除率的影响。实验结果表明,电流密度、稀释比是影响电化学氧化垃圾渗滤液的主要因素,极板间距、初始pH值对电化学氧化垃圾渗滤液的影响较小。在稀释比为1∶2、电流密度为75 mA/cm2、pH值未调节、极板间距为10 mm最优工况时,经过5 h电化学氧化后NH+4-N、COD均能完全去除;NH+4-N、COD去除率分别满足线性方程y=21.759t、y=20.717t,对应的线性相关系数为0.9923和0.9925。最优工况条件下,BDD电极电化学氧化垃圾渗滤液的能耗为260 kWh/m3。     

潜流人工湿地-生物接触氧化处理低温低浓度生活污水

在低温低浓度生活污水的实验研究中,回流比和气水比是影响潜流人工湿地一生物接触氧化组合工艺污染物去除效果的重要因素,推荐回流比R=1．0,气水比为4：1,在该工况下,进水COD浓度在170．8～221．3mg／L时,平均去除率可达90％;进水NH3-N浓度在17．3～25．9mg／L,平均去除率45％～65％;进水TN浓度在25．1～38．49mg／L时,平均去除率45％～65％;进水TP浓度在2．2～3．1mg／L时,平均去除率65％～80％。污染物沿程浓度分析结果表明,该组合工艺可以在低温季节通过曝气促进氨氮硝化,大幅提高NH3-N和TN去除率,同时可以充分发挥复合潜流湿地功能。