Environmental significance of biogenic elements in surface sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas

Biogenic elements and six phosphorus(P) fractions in surface sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent waters were determined to investigate the governing factors of these elements, and further to discuss their potential uses as paleo-environment proxies and risks of P release from sediment. Total organic carbon(TOC) and leachable organic P(Lea-OP) showed high concentrations in the estuary, Zhejiang coast and ofshore upwelling area. They came from both the Changjiang River and marine biological input.Biogenic silicon(BSi) exhibited a high concentration band between 123 and 124°E. BSi mainly came from diatom production and its concentration in the inshore area was diluted by river sediment. Total nitrogen(TN) was primarily of marine biogenic origin. Seaward decreasing trends of Fe-bound P and Al-bound P revealed their terrestrial origins. Influenced by old Huanghe sediment delivered by the Jiangsu coastal current, the maximum concentration of detrital P(Det-P) was observed in the area north of the estuary. Similar high concentrations of carbonate fluorapatite(CFA-P) and CaCO3 in the southern study area suggested marine calcium-organism sources of CFA-P. TOC, TN and non-apatite P were enriched in fine sediment, and Det-P partially exhibited coarse-grain enrichment, but BSi had no correlation with sediment grain size. Diferent sources and governing factors made biogenic elements and P species have distinct potential uses in indicating environmental conditions. Transferable P accounted for 14%-46% of total P. In an aerobic environment,there was low risk of P release from sediment, attributed to excess Fe oxides in sediments.     

有机酸碱类污染物溶解度的测定及估算

采用反相高效液相色谱法和振荡法测定了四十二种有机酸、碱化合物的溶解度,建立了用分配系数、熔点估算溶解度的方程,测定和估算了有机酸、碱类污染物在不同pH条件下的溶解度。实验测定值、文献值和估算值三者吻合较好。     

污水土地处理试验工程慢速渗滤系统对优先有机污染物的净化

本文通过模拟实验及现场考察,研究了天津污水土地处理试验工程中慢速渗滤系统对优先有机污染物的净化效率以及该系统经处理污水后对土壤及作物的影响进行了探讨.     

环境中挥发性有机物监测及分析方法

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是一类重要的环境污染物,严重威胁着环境和人类健康。随着VOCs问题的日趋突出,关于VOCs监测技术的研究也越来越多,检测技术逐渐完善。本文对大气中VOCs的监测技术进行了详细的综述,重点介绍了气相色谱-质谱、高效液相色谱等离线检测方法和质子转移反应质谱法在线监测方法。此外,本文分析了各种采样方法及仪器检测技术的优势与不足,旨在为大气VOCs的监测与研究起到一定的指导作用。     

美国污水处理厂深度除磷技术分析

污水处理厂控磷是防治湖泊等封闭性水域富营养化最有效的对策之一。但国内污水处理厂传统的除磷技术不足以改善水质,控制水体富营养化。综述了美国环境保护署推荐的深度除磷技术,介绍了美国污水处理厂深度除磷技术的工程案例。结果表明,美国深度除磷技术主要分为3大类:生物除磷+化学除磷+沉淀过滤、生物除磷+化学除磷+两级过滤、生物除磷+化学除磷+膜分离。通过对美国深度除磷技术的综述和分析,为中国污水处理厂除磷技术改进及已建设施的提升改造提供了重要参考依据和借鉴意义。     

膨胀石墨-ZnO复合材料的制备及其光催化降解原油的性能

采用化学氧化-浸渍法制备出膨胀石墨-ZnO（EG—ZnO）复合材料,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见分光光度法及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等表征手段对该复合材料的形貌、结构及其光催化降解水面原油的性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,EG—ZnO复合材料保持了膨胀石墨疏松多孔的蠕虫形貌,六方晶系结构的ZnO晶体均匀地分布于膨胀石墨的层间和表面。经紫外光照射72h后,吸附于EG—ZnO复合材料中的原油发生了显著的光催化降解反应。当该复合材料中ZnO的质量分数为80％时,原油的降解率可达35％,降解产物中有酮、醛及醇类等物质。     

东阳市电镀总厂废水处理工艺简介

本文主要描述ＥＥＯＯ电镀废水处理技术的工艺过程及主要反应原理，它包括两个柱：１催化氧化柱、２内电解柱     

电解制备高铁酸盐及其处理苯胺废水的研究

采用双阴极室隔膜电解槽，以平板灰口铸铁为阳极，电解法制备水处理剂高铁酸盐，电解150min，得到浓度为27．1mmoi／L的FeO2^2-。以其氧化降解模拟废水中的苯胺，在pH为5，高铁酸盐相对苯胺过量的条件下，苯胺的去除率接近100％，COD去除率达80％以上。高铁酸盐与苯胺的反应符合一级动力学规律。紫外一可见光谱、高效液相色谱的分析表明，苯胺降解过程中有一系列中间产物生成，最终被矿化成小分子无机物。     

城市110kV变电站环境影响分析及治理

针对日渐突出的城市变电站在运行过程中产生电磁波、无线电干扰及噪声对周围居民的影响问题,依据国家及行业技术标准,对银川地区 7 座典型 110 kV 变电站的环保监测结果进行分析评价。结果表明: 站界噪声超标是变电站对周围环境影响的主要因素,对其进行治理后,效果显著。