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91.
92.
本研究进行了垃圾焚烧飞灰的高温熔融及其熔渣的浸取性能实验。熔融实验在马弗炉中进行 ,浸取实验使用了蒸馏水、pH值为 4 5的醋酸溶液和pH值为 3的硫酸溶液 3种浸印剂。实验结果如下 :重金属Cd、Cr、Zn、Fe随熔融时间的增加 ,溶出量明显减小。延长熔融时间可减少这一类重金属的二次污染。重金属Hg由于其极易挥发 ,熔融时间对其溶出量几乎没有影响。Zn、Cd等重金属随熔融温度的升高 ,溶出量明显减小 ,升高熔融温度可减少这一类重金属的二次污染。重金属Cr的溶出量随溶剂pH值的升高而增加 ,而Cd、Pb、Zn在醋酸溶液中的溶出量最大 ,硫酸次之 ,水中最小。这是因为这些重金属和醋酸发生了络合反应 ,因而溶出量增大。 相似文献
93.
The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) activities of the MoO_3 doped V/WTi catalysts prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method at low temperature were investigated.The results showed that the addition of MoO_3 could enhance the NO_ xconversion at low temperature and the best SCR activity was obtained when the dosage of MoO_3 reached5 wt.%. The NH3-TPD and DRIFTS experiments indicated that the addition of MoO_3 changed the type and number of acid sites on the surface of catalysts and reaction activities of acid sites were altered at the same time. The redox capacity and amount of active oxygen species got improved for V3Mo5/WTi catalyst, which could be confirmed by the H_2-TPR and transient response experiments. Water vapor inhibited the NO_xconversion at low temperature. Deposition of ammonium sulfate or bisulfate might be main reason for the loss of catalytic activity in the presence of SO_2 at low temperature. Choosing the suitable NH_3/NO ratio and elevation of reaction temperature both could weaken the influence of SO_2 on the SCR activity of the V3Mo5/WTi catalyst. Thermal treatment of the deactivated catalyst at350°C could get the low temperature activity recovered. The decrease of GHSV improved the de NO_x efficiency at low temperature and we speculated that the rational technological process and operation parameters could contribute to the application of this kind of catalysts in real industrial environment. 相似文献
94.
为探讨柴油机燃用正丁醇-柴油混合燃料降低颗粒排放的机理,采用热重分析仪与场发射扫描电子显微镜,重点对正丁醇-柴油混合燃料燃烧的颗粒形貌特征进行研究,分析了颗粒的组分、微观结构以及粒径分布随w(正丁醇)的变化规律. 结果表明:正丁醇-柴油混合燃料燃烧的颗粒呈团簇状结构,随着w(正丁醇)的增加,团聚程度逐渐提高,排列结构更加紧密;颗粒的粒径逐渐减小,柴油、B5、B10〔B5、B10是指w(正丁醇)分别为5%、10%的正丁醇-柴油混合燃料〕燃烧的颗粒平均粒径分别为1.43、0.85、0.52 μm;颗粒中的主要成分为碳烟,其质量分数约为60%,随着w(正丁醇)的增加,碳烟和可溶有机物组分的质量分数有所增加,硫酸盐、金属等不易挥发组分以及金属元素的质量分数逐渐减少. 研究显示,添加正丁醇,可促进颗粒转化、改善颗粒的氧化过程,使颗粒向小粒径方向移动;由于颗粒中可溶有机物组分含量增加,因此提高了颗粒在碰撞过程中凝并的概率,致使颗粒的团聚程度增加. 相似文献
95.
96.
Yao Meng Junwei Song Lewei Zeng Yingyi Zhang Yan Zhao Xufei Liu Hai Guo Liuju Zhong Yubo Ou Yan Zhou Tao Zhang Dingli Yue Senchao Lai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(1):104-117
We present the continuously measurements of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) at a receptor site(Wan Qing Sha, WQS) in the Pearl River Delta(PRD) region from September to November of 2017. The average mixing ratios of total VOCs(TVOCs) was 36.3 ± 27.9 ppbv with the dominant contribution from alkanes(55.5%), followed by aromatics(33.3%). The diurnal variation of TVOCs showed a strong photochemical consumption during daytime,resulting in the formation of ozone(O3). Five VOC sources were ... 相似文献
97.
Rongshan Wu Xiaoming Song Yingchen Bai Jie Chen Qian Zhao Shuo Liu Hongbing Xu Tong Wang Baihuan Feng Yi Zhang Liuju Zhong Xuemei Wang Fengchang Wu Wei Huang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(9):67-75
With rapid economic development and urbanization in recent decades, China has experienced the worsening of ambient air quality. For better air quality management to protect human health, Chinese government revised national ambient air quality standards(NAAQS) for particulate matter(PM) in 2012(GB3095-2012). To assess the effectiveness of current NAAQS for PM on public health in Chinese population, we conducted a metaanalysis on published studies examining the mortality risk of short-term exposure to PM with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 and 2.5 μm(PM_(10) and PM_(2.5)) in China. The reported24-hour concentrations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in studies ranged from 43.5 to 150.1 μg/m~3 and 37.5 to 176.7 μg/m~3. In the pooled excess, mortality risk estimates of short-term exposure to PM.In specific, per 10 μg/m~3 increase in PM_(10), we observed increases of 0.40%(95%CI: 0.33%,0.47%), 0.57%(95%CI: 0.44%, 0.70%) and 0.49%(95%CI: 0.40%, 0.58%) in total, respiratory and cardiovascular mortality, per 10 μg/m~3 increase in PM_(2.5), we observed increases of 0.51%(95%CI: 0.38%, 0.63%), 0.62%(95%CI: 0.52%, 0.73%) and 0.75%(95%CI: 0.54%, 0.95%) in total,respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. Finally, we derived 125 μg/m~3 for PM_(10) and 62.5 μg/m~3 for PM_(2.5) as 24-hour recommendation values based on the pooled estimates. Our results indicated that current Chinese NAAQS for PM could be sufficient in mitigating the excess mortality risk from short-term exposure to ambient PM. However, future research on longterm exposure cohort studies in Chinese population is also essential in revising annual averages for PM in Chinese NAAQS. 相似文献
98.
钟汉 《安全.健康和环境》2018,(3):46-50
分析了企业应急处置工作中存在的问题,针对输油管道穿(跨)越江河段泄漏应急处置提出了解决方案。 相似文献
99.
太原晋祠地区曾经是著名的稻米之乡,随着晋祠泉的断流,区内土地利用从之前的以水稻田为主转变为以玉米和果园为主.因此,研究土地利用变化后土壤呼吸对于准确估算区域碳循环具有一定意义.基于此目的,本研究以原来为稻田、现为果园利用方式的样地为对象,对其土壤呼吸进行了7 a(2006~2012年)、每月1~3次的定位观测,分析了土壤呼吸的年际、季节变化及其与环境因子年际、季节变化的关系.结果表明,土壤呼吸与土壤温度的季节变化与天数的关系可以用3参数高斯方程模型进行拟合.土壤呼吸的季节变化与土壤温度的季节变化关系为极显著的指数关系,但其与土壤水分季节变化的关系不显著.土壤呼吸速率年平均值为(5.32±3.31)μmol·(m~2·s)-1;碳通量年平均值为1 690.2 g·m-2,在1 294.0~2 006.0g·m~(-2)之间变化,年际均值差异不显著.土壤呼吸的温度敏感性指数(Q_(10))值的年际变化以5、10和15 cm温度测定深度计算分别在1.54~2.20、1.68~2.48和1.82~2.46之间;土壤温度10℃对应的土壤呼吸(R_(10))值的年际变化在2.37~2.81、2.43~3.13和2.59~3.47μmol·(m~2·s)-1之间;Q_(10)和R10值均随土壤温度测定深度增加而增加.Q_(10)的年际变化与10 cm深度的土壤温度(T_(10))的年际变化关系极显著(P=0.016),与其它因子的关系不显著;在拟合方程中增加土壤水分因子不能提高对Q_(10)年际变化的预测精度,说明在本样地水分对Q_(10)的影响较小.R10值的年际变化与环境因子的年际变化关系不显著.与土壤呼吸与土壤温度的单因素模型相比,土壤温度和土壤水分的双变量指数模型可以提高预测土壤呼吸季节变化的准确性.研究结果可以为本地区及同类地区的土壤呼吸估算提供一定参考. 相似文献
100.
Microwave (MW) hybrid processes are able to disrupt the flocculent structure of complex waste activated sludge, and help promote the recovery of phosphorus as struvite. In this study, to optimize struvite yield, (1) the characteristics of matter released in MW-hybrid treatments were compared, including MW, MW-acid, MW-alkali, MW-H2O2, and MW-H2O2-alkali. The results showed that selective release of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, Ca2 +, and Mg2 + achieved by sludge pretreatment using MW-hybrid processes. MW-H2O2 is the recommended sludge pretreatment process for phosphorus recovery in the form of struvite. The ratio of Mg2 +:NH4+-N:PO43 −-P was 1.2:2.9:1 in the supernatant. (2) To clarify the effects of organic matter on struvite recovery, the composition and molecular weight distribution of organic matters were analyzed. Low molecular weight COD was found to facilitate the removal rate of NH4+-N and PO43-P via crystallization, and the amorphous struvite crystals (< 1 kDa) from the filtered solutions had high purity. Therefore, the present study reveals the necessity of taking into consideration the interference effect of high molecular weight organic matters during struvite crystallization from sewage sludge. 相似文献