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11.
Paola Rivaro Francisco Ardini Marco Grotti Giuseppe Aulicino Yuri Cotroneo Giannetta Fusco 《Chemistry and Ecology》2019,35(1):1-19
Dissolved iron (Fe) distribution and speciation was determined in water samples (0–200?m) collected in a coastal area near Terra Nova Bay during the austral summer of 2014. Nutrients, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton composition and prokaryotic biomass distribution were investigated in combination with measurements of the physical properties of the water columns and its dynamics. The dFe value was above the limiting growth concentration, ranging from 0.52 to 4.51?nM, and it showed a spatial variability with a horizontal length scale of about 10?km, according to the variability of the water column physical properties and to iron sources. The organic ligands (L) maintained the concentrations of dFe at levels much higher than the inorganic solubility of Fe, keeping it available for phytoplankton and the log K’FeL values found (from 22.1 to 23.6) highlighted the presence of complexes of differing stabilities. 相似文献
12.
This paper examines the effects of asymmetric voter information on the environmental policies of democratic governments. The model builds on the electoral signaling model of Rogoff to illustrate the possibility that democratic governments may systematically overlegislate-and yet underenforce-environmental standards in a rational expectations equilibrium. The model also offers insights into the welfare implications of "right to know" legislation, proposals to depoliticize environmental policy, and private voluntary institutions. 相似文献
13.
Cesaro Alessandra Marra Alessandra Belgiorno Vincenzo Siciliano Antonietta Guida Marco 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(2):1188-1198
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors represent currently one of the most produced category of electronic waste. In CRTs most of the glass components... 相似文献
14.
Effective selective collection (SC) has been increasing in many countries of the European Union. As a consequence the composition of residual municipal solid waste (RMSW) is changing not only because of economic development, but also due to the collection system. The input of RMSW treatment plants is thus not homogeneous. This paper analyses two case studies involving a total of five SC scenarios and their impact on the generation of solid recovered fuel (SRF) with/without bio-drying, post-treatment and packaging take back programs (TBPs). These case studies are based on two types of SC: kerbside and drop-off. The latest regulation on SRF classification is taken into account: energy content, Cl and Hg concentrations are assessed and discussed. The role of the respirometric index (RI) is also analyzed. Results show that when SC is highly efficient RMSW can be classified directly as SRF, but only if the introduction of RI does not set stringent respirometric targets. The role of packaging TBPs is important as the residual waste remaining after the packaging has been processed, can be valorized increasing the lower heating value (LHV) of the residual RMSW and minimizing the streams that should be landfilled. The source separation of food waste has a significant impact on the suitability of bio-drying: when the SC of food waste is very efficient, its percentage in the RMSW may be too low for effective bio-drying. 相似文献
15.
Patrick Bergeron Stefano Grignolio Marco Apollonio Bill Shipley Marco Festa-Bianchet 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(8):1299-1307
Social dominance is a fundamental aspect of male evolutionary ecology in polygynous mammals because it determines access to
estrous females. As it is rarely possible to monitor marked individuals of known morphology, little is known about the determinants
of male dominance. We studied the social structure of Alpine ibex males in Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy in 2003, 2006,
and 2007. Dominance interactions produced a linear social hierarchy. In ibex males, body mass and horn length are key traits
in male-male combat, and both increase with age. We explored the links between age, body mass, horn length, and social rank.
Ibex males showed much age-independent phenotypic heterogeneity and rapidly growing males reached high rank at a younger age
than slow-growing males. Because there is no trade-off between horn growth and longevity, fast-growing males may face weak
potential costs of rapid growth and high fitness benefit of achieving high rank. Violent interactions were more likely to
occur between males similar in both mass and horn length, independently of age. We suggest that only high-quality individuals
can afford a strategy of rapid growth for both secondary sexual characters, and likely reap substantial fitness benefits. 相似文献
16.
Marco Ghisalberti 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2010,10(3):329-343
Obstructed shear flows (i.e. those over permeable media) are common in the environment. An archetypal example, flow over a
submerged vegetation canopy, is investigated here. Like any flow through complex geometry, canopy flows are characterised
by strong spatial gradients. The focus of this experimental study is the three-dimensionality of aquatic canopy flow, in particular
that of the coherent interfacial vortices that govern mixing into and out of the canopy. It is shown here that the vortices
have a finite lateral scale that is comparable to their vertical scale; both are of the order of the drag length scale of
the canopy, (C
D
a)−1, where a is the frontal area density and C
D
is a bulk drag coefficient. The finite lateral extent of the vortices generates strong lateral hydrodynamic gradients, both
instantaneously and in the long-term. The instantaneous gradients, which can contribute greatly to the dispersion of dissolved
and particulate species, are far more pronounced. Finally, the potential for canopies to generate differential roughness secondary
circulation is examined. In the consideration of vertical scalar transport, this circulation can be of the same order as turbulent
diffusion. 相似文献
17.
Spatial distribution and temporal variation of epibenthic assemblages of coralligenous biogenic rocky outcrops occurring in
the northern Adriatic Sea (45°04′–45°24′N; 12°23′–12°43′E) were investigated by photographic sampling from 2003 to 2006 at
12 randomly selected sites. The dominant reef-forming organisms were the encrusting calcareous algae (Lithophyllum stictaeforme, Lithothamnion minervae and Peyssonnelia polymorpha), while the main bioeroders were boring sponges (Cliona viridis, C. celata, C. thoosina, C. rhodensis, Piona vastifica) and the bivalve Gastrochaena dubia. Composition of the assemblages varied thorough years and among sites. Spatial heterogeneity, at local and regional scale,
prevailed over temporal variation. This variability was related both to the geo-morphological features of the outcrops and
to environmental variables. Sites clearly differed in the percent cover of reef builder and bioeroder species while only limited
temporal variation within site was found. Some taxa revealed complex intra-site temporal trends. These results provide valuable
information on the diversity and variability of epibenthic assemblages of the northern Adriatic coralligenous reefs, essential
for the management and conservation of these unique biogenic habitats. 相似文献
18.
Mecozzi M Pietroletti M Scarpiniti M Acquistucci R Conti ME 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(10):6025-6036
The aim of this study is to present and to discuss some characteristics of recalcitrant organic matter mechanism and formation. These aggregates called mucilages that are produced by the degradation reactions of several algae, have been investigated by infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. FTIR spectra of macroaggregates produced by different algal samples have been daily collected in order to investigate the steps of aggregation. Afterwards, they have been elaborated by means of Independent Component Analysis (ICA). ICA investigation of FTIR spectra showed that the global aggregation process of marine mucilage always consisted of two different phases or independent components (ICs). One IC is related to the first degradation step of algal cells leading to the production of mono and oligosaccharides with aminoacids and oligopeptides. The second IC is related to the polymerization of oligosaccharides with aminoacids and oligopeptides and to their interaction with less polar compounds such as lipids thus producing supramolecular structures. The emerging mechanisms of anomalous size aggregates of organic matter match those of natural organic matter aggregation. The approach we suggest is to use synthetic mucilages which allows to monitor the macroaggregates formation because it can hardly be performed by means of natural marine macroaggregates. 相似文献
19.
Pienkoß Fabian Abis Marco Bruno Martina Grönholm Raul Hoppe Michel Kuchta Kerstin Fiore Silvia Simon Franz-Georg 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(1):364-377
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This work is aimed at exploring the recovery of heavy metals from the fine fraction of solid waste incineration bottom ash. For this study,... 相似文献
20.
Roberto Melotti Ezio Santagata Marco Bassani Milena Salvo Stefano Rizzo 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(9):1906-1917
Fly and bottom ashes are the main by-products arising from the combustion of solid biomass. Since the production of energy from this source is increasing, the processing and disposal of the resulting ashes has become an environmental and economic issue. Such ashes are of interest as a construction material because they are composed of very fine particles similar to fillers normally employed in bituminous and cementitious mixtures. This research investigates the potential use of ash from biomass as filler in bituminous mixtures. The morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of 21 different ashes and two traditional fillers (calcium carbonate and “recovered” plant filler) were evaluated and discussed. Leaching tests, performed in order to quantify the release of pollutants, revealed that five ashes do not comply with the Italian environmental re-use limits. Experimental results show a wide range of values for almost all the investigated properties and a low correlation with biomass type in terms of origin and chemical composition. Furthermore, sieving and milling processes were found to improve the properties of the raw material in terms of grading and sample porosity. The effectiveness of these treatments and the low content of organic matter and harmful fines suggest that most of the biomass ashes investigated may be regarded as potential replacements for natural filler in bituminous mixtures. 相似文献