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31.
Ignasi Sirés Enric Brillas Mehmet A. Oturan Manuel A. Rodrigo Marco Panizza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(14):8336-8367
In recent years, new advanced oxidation processes based on the electrochemical technology, the so-called electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs), have been developed for the prevention and remediation of environmental pollution, especially focusing on water streams. These methods are based on the electrochemical generation of a very powerful oxidizing agent, such as the hydroxyl radical (?OH) in solution, which is then able to destroy organics up to their mineralization. EAOPs include heterogeneous processes like anodic oxidation and photoelectrocatalysis methods, in which ?OH are generated at the anode surface either electrochemically or photochemically, and homogeneous processes like electro-Fenton, photoelectro-Fenton, and sonoelectrolysis, in which ?OH are produced in the bulk solution. This paper presents a general overview of the application of EAOPs on the removal of aqueous organic pollutants, first reviewing the most recent works and then looking to the future. A global perspective on the fundamentals and experimental setups is offered, and laboratory-scale and pilot-scale experiments are examined and discussed. 相似文献
32.
James W. Boylan Mehmet T. Odman James G. Wilkinson Armistead G. Russell Kevin G. Doty William B. Norris 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):1019-1030
Abstract Recently, a comprehensive air quality modeling system was developed as part of the Southern Appalachians Mountains Initiative (SAMI) with the ability to simulate meteorology, emissions, ozone, size- and composition-resolved particulate matter, and pollutant deposition fluxes. As part of SAMI, the RAMS/EMS-95/URM-1ATM modeling system was used to evaluate potential emission control strategies to reduce atmospheric pollutant levels at Class I areas located in the Southern Appalachians Mountains. This article discusses the details of the ozone model performance and the methodology that was used to scale discrete episodic pollutant levels to seasonal and annual averages. The daily mean normalized bias and error for 1-hr and 8-hr ozone were within U.S. Environment Protection Agency guidance criteria for urban-scale modeling. The model typically showed a systematic overestimation for low ozone levels and an underestimation for high levels. Because SAMI was primarily interested in simulating the growing season ozone levels in Class I areas, daily and seasonal cumulative ozone exposure, as characterized by the W126 index, were also evaluated. The daily ozone W126 performance was not as good as the hourly ozone performance; however, the seasonal ozone W126 scaled up from daily values was within 17% of the observations at two typical Class I areas of the SAMI region. The overall ozone performance of the model was deemed acceptable for the purposes of SAMI’s assessment. 相似文献
33.
Hasret E Ipekoglu M Altintas S Ipekoglu NA 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2766-2775
Purpose
This study has the objective to evaluate the lead(II) removal capacity of hydroxyapatite powder synthesized by microwave as an alternative method to decrease production time and cost.Methods
Hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized by a microwave-assisted precipitation method using calcium nitrate and ammonium hydrogen phosphate as calcium and phosphorus sources, respectively. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared results clearly revealed that the resulting powder was HA with high purity and crystallinity. The obtained powder was used for the removal of lead(II) from aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, amount of adsorbent, initial lead(II) concentration, and contact time were studied in batch experiments.Results
In the adsorption experiments, maximum lead(II) retention was obtained at pH 6. Adsorption equilibrium was established after 40 min. It was found that the adsorption of lead(II) on HA was correlated well (R 2?=?0.958) with the Freundlich equation for the concentration range studied. Both ion exchange and adsorption process were thought to exist in the removal process.Conclusions
This study indicates that easily and rapidly synthesized HA by microwave-assisted precipitation method could be used as an efficient adsorbent for removal of lead(II) from aqueous solutions. 相似文献34.
Mehmet Berkun Egemen Aras Tugce Anılan 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(4):305-313
As an economically developing country, Turkey has very well operated integrated solid waste management applications structured
on modern facilities, besides over 2,000 scattered open dump areas in the country. Integrated waste management applications
seem eligible for the metropolitan cities like Istanbul and Izmit (Kocaeli). Attempts have not been encouraging for the scattered
regional settlements using central storage sites due to financial shortages and received rejections from nearby settlements.
Small-scale compact solid waste management systems with materials recycling and composting can be more suitable alternatives
in the small-scale regional settlements. The major constituents of municipal solid waste are organic in nature and approximately
a quarter of municipal solid waste is recyclable. Although paper, including cardboard, is the main constituent, the composition
of recyclable waste varies strongly by the source or the type of collection point. Solid wastes need primary treatment in
order to be suitable for incineration and composting. Turkey needs to give more emphasis on the usage of modern solid waste
removal technologies to overcome the overgrowing solid waste disposal problems. 相似文献
35.
Imidacloprid (IMI), a neonicotinoid insecticide, is widely used to control pests in agriculture. We investigated the changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation levels, biochemical effects, genotoxic effect, and immunotoxic effect of sublethal doses (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00?µg) of IMI at different time periods (24, 48, 72, and 96?h) on a model organism, Galleria mellonella L. The results indicated that there were dose-dependent increases in both antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) and MDA levels. Protein content was not affected by IMI at 24th and 48th, whereas it was decreased by the highest dose of IMI (1.00?µg) at 72nd and 96th h. Lipid and carbohydrate contents were reduced with increasing doses of IMI. Micronucleus frequency significantly increased in all IMI doses. All IMI doses caused a significant decrease in THC at 24th, 48th, and 72nd h. Our results can help to illustrate the effects of IMI in target organisms and indirectly may aid to discover potential risk of it on nontarget organisms. Future studies, at molecular levels, will be helpful in understanding the mechanism of action of IMI on these biomarkers. 相似文献
36.
Majority of the studies on offshore wind power potential assessment is limited to the examination of the wind speed only. This study examines the offshore wind power potential of the Black Sea coastal region in Turkey based on location selection criteria including territorial waters, military areas, civil aviation, shipping routes, pipelines and underground cables, social, and environmental concerns. Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) is used to do the statistical analysis of wind speed and wind direction data for 20 locations in the Black Sea coastal region. WAsP results are then elaborated based on the location selection criteria for better assessment of offshore wind power utilization. The study reveals that there are limited numbers of locations for offshore wind power generation in the Black Sea region in spite of its long coastline. Moreover, there is a high need for a zoning change for Amasra shores in order to utilize high offshore wind power potential of Amasra. Our finding suggests that location selection criteria other than wind speed should definitely be considered for better assessment of the wind power potential of a region. 相似文献
37.
Hamide Elvan Bayrak Mehmet Tufekci Hacer Bayrak Celal Duran Mustafa Soylak 《毒物与环境化学》2017,99(4):590-600
A simple and sensitive solid phase extraction method was developed for simultaneous separation and preconcentration of gold and palladium ions with N-(4-methylphenyl)-2-{[(4-phenyl-5-pyridine-4-yl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio]acetyl}hydrazine carbo thioamide complex on Amberlite XAD-1180 resin before their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Some analytical parameters such as HNO3 concentration of the sample solution, amount of complexing agent, sample volume, eluent type and volume, effects of foreign ions and adsorption capacity of the resin were investigated for quantitative recovery of gold and palladium ions. The effects of some anions and cations were also examined. Under optimum conditions, the detection limits for gold and palladium ions were found to be 0.29 and 0.19 μg L?1, respectively. The preconcentration factor for gold and palladium was 250. After being validated by standard addition and analysis of standard reference material, the procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of sea and stream water, anodic slime, gold ore, soil and electronic waste. 相似文献
38.
Ramazan Bal Gaffari Türk Mehmet Tuzcu Okkes Yilmaz Tuncay Kuloglu Ramazan Gundogdu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):434-444
In the current study it was aimed to investigate the toxicity of low doses of imidacloprid (IMI) on the reproductive organ systems of adult male rats. The treatment groups received 0.5 (IMI-0.5), 2 (IMI-2) or 8 mg IMI/kg body weight by oral gavage (IMI-8) for three months. The deterioration in sperm motility in IMI-8 group and epidydimal sperm concentration in IMI-2 and IMI-8 groups and abnormality in sperm morphology in IMI-8 were significant. The levels of testosterone (T) and GSH decreased significantly in group IMI-8 compared to the control group. Upon treatment with IMI, apoptotic index increased significantly only in germ cells of the seminiferous tubules of IMI-8 group when compared to control. Fragmentation was striking in the seminal DNA from the IMI-8 group, but it was much less obvious in the IMI-2 one. IMI exposure resulted in elevation of all fatty acids analyzed, but the increases were significant only in stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids. The ratios of 20:4/20:3 and 20:4/18:2 were decreased and 16:1n-9/16:0 ratio was increased. In conclusion, the present animal experiments revealed that the treatment with IMI at NOAEL dose-levels caused deterioration in sperm parameters, decreased T level, increased apoptosis of germ cells, seminal DNA fragmentation, the depletion of antioxidants and change in disturbance of fatty acid composition. All these changes indicate the suppression of testicular function. 相似文献
39.
Mehmet Akgül Nadir Ayrilmis Osman Çamlıbel Süleyman Korkut 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2013,15(2):195-201
The potential utilization of burned wood in the manufacture of medium density fiberboard (MDF) was investigated. For this aim, the MDF panels were made of various mixtures of burned pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.), unburned beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and oak (Ouercus robur L.) woods under commercial conditions in an MDF company. The mixture ratio of the unburned beech and oak woods to the burned pine wood were 50/50 wt%. The mixing ratios of burned wood chips with unburned wood chips were 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0, %, respectively. A commercial urea–formaldehyde resin was used as a binder. The physical properties measured in the investigation included density and thickness swelling, while the mechanical properties examined were bending strength, modulus elasticity, internal bond, screw holding ability perpendicular to the plane of panel, and janka hardness perpendicular to the plane of the panel. Surface roughness and color of the panels were also measured. The results indicated that all the panels met the mechanical properties of general-purpose MDF requirements of EN 622-5. The surface roughness of the MDF panels containing burned wood decreased with increasing burned wood content but remained higher than the control panels. The dimensional stability of the MDF panels decreased with the incorporation of burned wood fibers as compared with the control MDF panels. 相似文献
40.
Silvia Loaiza Ambuludi Marco Panizza Nihal Oturan Ali Özcan Mehmet A. Oturan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(4):2381-2389
The electrochemical abatement of the drug ibuprofen (2-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid) from aqueous solution has been carried out by anodic oxidation. The electrolyses have been performed at constant current using a small, undivided cell equipped with a Pt or thin-film boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode and a carbon-felt cathode. The results have shown that ibuprofen has been destroyed under all the conditions tested, following pseudo-first-order kinetics; however, BDD enables higher removal rates than Pt, because the former produces greater quantity of ?OH. Using BDD anode, the pseudo-first-order rate constant increased with applied current and when NaCl replaced Na2SO4 as supporting electrolyte, while it is almost unaffected by ibuprofen concentration. Mineralization of ibuprofen aqueous solutions was followed by total organic carbon (TOC) measurements. After 8 h of electrolysis, TOC removal varied from 91 % to 96 % applying a current in the range of 50–500 mA. The reaction by-products were quantified by chromatographic techniques, and in particular, aliphatic acids (oxalic, glyoxylic, formic, acetic, and pyruvic) have been the main intermediates formed during the electrolyses. The absolute rate constant for the oxidative degradation of ibuprofen have also been determined, by competition kinetic method, as 6.41?×?109 M?1?s?1. 相似文献