环保物联网在涪陵页岩气开发环境监管中的应用研究

环保物联网是物联网技术在环境保护领域的智能应用,是促进战略性新型环保产业发展的重要手段.随着中国页岩气产业的快速发展,一系列环境问题日益凸显,为提高页岩气开发环境污染防控效率,以重庆涪陵页岩气勘探开发示范基地为研究对象,结合当前页岩气开发环境管理现状,介绍页岩气开发环保物联网基本架构,探讨环保物联网在页岩气开发环境监管中的应用,促进涪陵页岩气示范基地环境保护的精细化和智能化管理.     

Genotoxicity evaluation of drinking water sources in human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the comet assay

The potential harm of organic pollutants in drinking water to human health is widely focused on in the wodd; more and more pollutants with genotoxic substances are released into the aquatic environment. Water source samples were collected from 7 different localities of Nanjing City. The potential genotoxicity of organic extracts from drinking water sources were investigated by means of the comet assay in human peripheral lymphocytes. The results showed that all the organic extracts from all the water source samples could induce DNA damages of human peripheral blood lymphocytes at different levels. A significant difference （P 〈 0.01） was observed when compared with the solvent control, The DNA damage increased with the increase of the dosage of the original water source. Significant differences of DNA damage were observed in different drinking water sources, as shown by the multiple comparisons analysis at the dosage of 100x; the degree of DNA damage treated by Hushu waterworks （at town level） was the most serious, the arbitrary units （AU） was 141.62±6.96, however, that of Shangyuanmen waterworks （at city level） was only 109.64±2.97. The analysis also revealed that the genotoxicity of town＇s water sources was higher than that of the city. The results demonstrated that the comet assay can be successfully applied to the genotoxicity monitoring programs of drinking water sources.     

Utilization of winery wastes for Trichoderma viride biocontrol agent production by solid state fermentation

Biocontrol agents are safe and environmental friendly alternatives for pesticides in agriculture application. Trichoderma viride WEBL0703 performed a high level of antagonistic activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens and was determined as a biocontrol agent, which was produced by solid state fermentation using grape marc and wine lees. The maximum yield of T. viride conidia was up to 6.65 × 10^9 CFU/g initial dry substrate （IDS） after 10 d fermentation. As important enzymes for protecting plants from disease, chitinase, β-glucanase, and pectinase yields were 47.8 U/g IDS, 8.32 U/g IDS and 9.83 U/g IDS, respectively. These results show that it is feasible to convert winery wastes to a value-added and environmental friendly biocontrol agent.     

膜-生物反应器处理超市废水的试验研究

文章对一体式平板膜-生物反应器处理超市废水的特性进行了小试试验研究,结果表明,反应器对COD的平均去除率为91%,NH3-N平均去除率为86%。平板膜-生物反应器膜污染阻力构成为泥饼阻力占85%,孔隙堵塞阻力占13%,膜本身阻力只占2%,可忽略不计。     

资源和环境约束下的城市产业结构优化——以徐州市为例

徐州在传统工业化进程中取得了较大进展,但也存在着较大问题。徐州需要加快实现工业化进程的路径转换,坚定走新型工业化道路。应当寻求工业化与信息化互动的结合点和切入点;推进产业结构优化升级;强化科技创新和扩大对外开放。要牢固确立新的发展观,切实转变经济增长方式,大力发展循环经济,加强环境保护和生态建设,营造一流人居环境。按照新型工业化的要求,实现徐州城市的可持续发展。     

堆肥调理剂研究进展

调理剂是堆肥过程中的重要辅料。通过添加调理剂，可以改善堆肥物料的理化条件，达到好氧微生物对生长环境的要求。文章综述了堆肥调理剂的分类，讨论了它在堆肥工程中的作用，并对研究方向进行了探讨。大量研究表明，调理剂在堆肥过程中起到调节物料w（C）／w（N）比、含水率、堆体自由空域、减少堆体臭气、改善堆肥养分和调控重金属等作用。目前，调理剂的研究重点在于其在堆肥过程的作用，而对复合型调理剂的开发、调理剂的作用机理及其在工程中的应用等问题关注较少。     

利用淡水发光菌评估电化学法处理模拟印染废水的效果

本研究利用新型淡水发光菌作为检测手段，对上种染料在电化学法处理模拟印染不过程中毒性的变化进行监测，结果表明，对工艺过程效果进行评估或对工业废水排放进行控制，仅仅采用化学参数的测试是不够的，应同时采用生物生测试手段。     

Free tropospheric ozone production after deep convection of dispersing tropical urban plumes

Ozone generation is computed in a one-dimensional photochemistry code following convective redistribution of tropical urban effluent into the free troposphere. Simulations are run at several stages of pollutant dilution by surrounding surface air. A threshold boundary layer NO_x concentration of 300 pptv is established for significant production enhancements at upper levels. Areas defined by the 300 pptv level are examined in the Gaussian dispersion framework based on a wet season plume event observed in Amazonia. Pollution travels slowly in the sluggish winds of the equatorial trough. Daily storms are likely to interrupt the effluent while coverages are still on the order of few thousand square kilometers and NO_x concentrations are above the threshold. Dry season plume sizes are difficult to assess because local concentration data are scarce, but it is conceivable that the faster trade winds lead to a several fold extension.     

超声辅助电催化氧化降解苯酚的研究

对电催化氧化和超声辅助电催化氧化降解苯酚过程中的UV扫描吸收光谱研究表明:在苯酚的氧化降解反应过程中,都有对紫外光有吸收的中间体生成;对吸光度峰值随降解反应时间的变化关系进行非线性最小二乘法拟合(NLSF),发现溶液的相对吸光度峰值的衰减均符合表观零级反应动力学规律,其相应的表观反应速率常数(k0)分别为(0.0051±0.0005)min-1和(0.0052±0.0003)min-1;但超声波对电催化降解苯酚的速度和效果并无显著影响.同时GC-MS也检测到苯酚超声辅助电催化氧化降解60 min后,发现除苯酚仍然存在外,还有中间产物苯酚乙酸酯、甲酸、乙酸,从而证实苯酚在羟基自由基作用下,开环氧化降解生成乙酸和甲酸等小分子有机物,最后降解为二氧化碳和水.     

三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法去除废水COD实验研究

以对苯二酚模拟废水为处理对象，研究了三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法，并对三维电极法、Fenton法及三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法去除废水COD的效率进行了对比，结果表明，三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法处理效率明显高于普通Fenton法和三维电极法。且最佳工艺条件下，三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法对模拟对苯二酚废水COD去除率可达92．03％。