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21.
Fiévet B Voiseux C Rozet M Masson M Bailly du Bois P 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2006,90(3):173-196
The recent risk assessment by the North-Cotentin Radioecology Group (, 1999) outlined that (14)C has become one of the major sources of the low dose to man through seafood consumption. It was recommended that more data should be collected about (14)C in the local marine environment. The present study aims to respond to this recommendation. The estimation of (14)C activity in marine species is based on concentration factor values. The values reported here ranged from 1x10(3) to 5x10(3)Bqkg(-1)ww/BqL(-1). A comparison was made between the observed and predicted values. The accuracy of (14)C activity calculations was estimated between underestimation by a factor of 2 and over-estimation by 50% (95% confidence interval). However, the use of the concentration factor parameter is based on the biological and seawater compartments being in steady state. This assumption may not be met at short distances from the point of release of discharges, where rapid changes in seawater concentration may be smoothed out in living organisms due to transfer kinetics. The data processing technique, previously published by Fiévet and Plet (2003. Estimating biological half-lives of radionuclides in marine compartments from environmental time-series measurements. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 65, 91-107), was used to deal with (14)C transfer kinetics, and carbon half-lives between seawater and a few biological compartments were thus estimated. 相似文献
22.
Kolbas Aliaksandr Kolbas Natallia Marchand Lilian Herzig Rolf Mench Michel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(17):16686-16701
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The potential use of a metal-tolerant sunflower mutant line for biomonitoring Cu phytoavailability, Cu-induced soil phytotoxicity, and Cu... 相似文献
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This paper deals with the selection of the 10-foot Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl, 4 mm in mesh size, which terminates in a fine-mesh section of 1 mm mesh aperture. It is emphasized that this finer mesh adds a large fraction of small animals to the main catch, This fraction has been estimated from comparisons between catches collected (1) with the above gear, (2) with the above gear terminating in a 4 mm mesh cod-end, (3) with the 1 mm mesh cod-end used alone as a net. It is demonstrated that escape through 4 mm meshes is a function both of hauling duration and of vertical distribution of organisms. The experimental part of this work has been carried out on crustaceans. 相似文献
25.
Vikram J. Kaku Michel C. Boufadel Albert D. Venosa James Weaver 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2006,6(4):385-406
The evaluation of dispersant effectiveness used for oil spills is commonly done using tests conducted in laboratory flasks.
We used a Hot Wire Anemometer (HWA) to characterize mixing dynamics in the Swirling Flask (SF) and the Baffled Flask (BF),
the latter is being considered by the EPA to replace the prior to test dispersant effectiveness in the laboratory. Five rotation
speeds of the orbital shaker carrying the flasks were considered, Ω = 50, 100, 150, 175 and 200 rpm. The radial and azimuthal
water speeds were measured for each Ω. It was found that the flow in the SF is, in general, two-dimensional changing from
horizontal at low Ω to axi-symmetric at high Ω. The flow in the BF appeared to be three-dimensional at all rotation speeds.
This indicates that the BF is more suitable for representing the (inherently) 3-D flow at sea. In the SF, the speeds and energy
dissipation rates ɛ increased gradually as the rotation speed increased. Those in the BF increased sharply at rotation speeds
greater than 150 rpm. At 200 rpm, the Kolmogorov scale (i.e., size of smallest eddies) was about 250 and 50 μm in the SF and
BF, respectively. Noting that the observed droplet sizes of dispersed oils range from 50 to 400 μm (hence most of it is less
than 250 μm), one concludes that the mixing in the SF (even at 200 rpm) is not representative of the vigorous mixing occurring
at sea. 相似文献
26.
Marine?Antoine Karine?Flogeac Emmanuel?Guillon Jacques?Dumonceau Michel?AplincourtEmail author 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(3):175-178
The adsorption of toxic chemicals on solid substates is a potential means to clean polluted waters. Here, the adsorption of two pesticides, isoproturon and dimetomorph, on lignocellulose extracted from wheat straw is investigated at 20 °C using batch adsorption experiments. Here, we show that the sorption of both pesticides is independent of pH. The sorption capacity of lignocellulose is evaluated. We show that the presence of metallic cations has no influence on the retention capacity of lignocellulose towards pesticides. 相似文献
27.
Transport of particulate material and dissolved tracer in a highly permeable porous medium: comparison of the transfer parameters 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We are experimentally studying, by means of short-pulse injection, the transport and deposition kinetics of suspended particles (silts of the order of 10 microm) in a highly permeable medium consisting of a column of gravel. In our experiments, the breakthrough curves (BTCs) are well described by analytical solutions of a convection/dispersion model with first-order deposition kinetics. All the transport parameters calculated by the model for both particles and dissolved tracer depend on the flow rate. We demonstrate the existence of a critical flow rate, determined experimentally, beyond which the transfer time for the particles is longer than that for the tracer. This phenomenon is unusual in comparison with the results available in the literature. The increase in transfer time of particles in comparison to tracer leads us to assume a purely mechanical phenomenon, that is, collision between particles and grains of the medium with instantaneous reset in motion when the flow rate is sufficient to avoid settling. Thanks to the polydispersivity of the injected suspension and the control of grain size at the outlet, it can also be determined that the coarser particles are recovered before the finer particles, as expected when one considers the size-exclusion effect. 相似文献
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29.
Monnet F Bordas F Deluchat V Chatenet P Botineau M Baudu M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,138(3):455-461
Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the potential use of the aquatic lichen Dermatocarpon luridum as bioindicator of copper pollution. Lichen thalli were exposed to 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mM copper in synthetic freshwater to solve the problems of metal bioavailability. The mineral composition of this media was prepared so that it corresponded to the ion composition of natural waters in D. luridum ecosystems. Sequential elution procedures using NiCl2 or Na2-EDTA (20 mM) were used to determine the distribution of metals at different cellular sites. The copper concentration extracted from thalli was correlated with pollution intensity, the greater correlation being with the Na2-EDTA extractant. The malondialdehyde concentration in thalli can be used as indicator of copper pollution; however, similar membrane degradation was observed for 0.25 and 0.50 mM copper and for 0.75 and 1.00 mM copper. 相似文献
30.
Coleman JO Frova C Schroder P Tissut M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(1):18-28
Weed control by herbicides has helped us to create the green revolution and to provide food for at least the majority of human beings living today. However, some herbicides remain in the environment and pose an ecological problem. The present review describes the properties and fate of four representative herbicides known to be presistent in ecosystems. Metabolic networks are depicted and it is concluded that removal of these compounds by the ecologically friendly technique of phytoremediation is possible. The largest problem is seen in the uptake of the compounds into suitable plants and the time needed for such an approach. 相似文献