地浸采铀技术与工艺

地浸采铀是世界上十分先进的采矿技术，其基本原理是对可地浸砂岩型铀矿按一定网度布置工艺钻孔，从注液注孔入地浸液，使地浸液与铀进行充分反应，经铀液孔提出地表，在地表工厂进行萃取铀的过程，地浸法分为酸法和碱法两种，地浸采铀能使低品位砂岩型铀矿成为有工业价值的矿床，由于对环境污染小，已被世界大多数国家广泛采用。但是并非所有的砂岩铀矿都能地浸，只有符合地浸地质-水文评价指标的砂岩铀矿才能地浸。地浸工艺包括钻孔的布置、浸液的配制、地下水的复原和环境保护等方面。我国的地浸采铀于20世纪70年代开始探索，90年代中期开展了大规模的地浸砂岩铀找矿与开采工作，并取得了突破性进展，新疆512矿床是就是利用地浸技术评价与开采的我国第一座大型地浸铀矿山。     

多环芳烃在天然水体中的自净机理研究——沉积物对多环芳烃的吸附过程模拟

以黄浦江、淀山湖底泥为沉积物的代表,蒽为多环芳烃的代表性化合物,研究了多环芳烃在天然水体中沉积物上的吸附机理。结果表明,实验条件下两种底泥对蒽的吸附均属多分子层吸附,可用deBoer－Zwikker公式所表示的极化模型较好地描述;吸附等温线出现的阶梯是由于蒽－甲醇分子的溶剂化作用及底泥颗粒的表面不均匀性所致;未参与溶剂化作用的甲醇与溶剂化蒽分子间存在竞争吸附;固体疚应对吸附容量存在较大的影响。     

Intracellular biosynthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles using ethanolic extract of Brassica oleracea L. and studies on their physicochemical and biological properties

In this present study, we reported broccoli(Brassica oleracea L.) as a potential candidate for the synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles(NPs) in green chemistry method. The synthesized metal nanoparticles are evaluated their antimicrobial efficacy against different human pathogenic organisms. The physico-chemical properties of gold nanoparticles were analyzed using different analytical techniques such as a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrophotometer. In addition, gold and silver NP antimicrobial efficacy was checked by disc diffusion assay. UV–Vis color intensity of the nanoparticles was shown at 540 and 450 nm for gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. Higher magnification of the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy image shows the variable morphology of the gold nanoparticles such as spherical, rod and triangular shapes and silver nanoparticles were seen in spherical shapes. The average spherical size of the particles was observed in 24–38 nm for gold and 30–45 nm for silver NPs. X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles which were crystalline in nature. Additionally,the functional metabolites were identified by the Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy. IR spectra revealed phenols, alcohols, aldehydes(sugar moieties), vitamins and proteins are present in the broccoli extract which are accountable to synthesize the nanoparticles. The synthesized gold and silver NPs inhibited the growth of the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens at the concentration of 50 μg/m L respectively. In addition, broccoli mediated gold and silver nanoparticles have shown potent antimicrobial activity against human pathogens.     

Composition analysis of colored dissolved organic matter in Taihu Lake based on three dimension excitation-emission fuorescence matrix and PARAFAC model, and the potential application in water quality monitoring

Taihu Lake is one of the five biggest lakes in China. Surface water samples from 26 sampling sites of Taihu Lake were collected. Furthermore wet chemical analysis (CODCr and BOD5) and measurement of three dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3DEEM) spectra in the laboratory have been conducted. Using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model, three components of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) have been identified successfully, based on the analysis of 3DEEM data. The characteristics of the three components also have been described by comparing them to some components of CDOM, identified in earlier researches. Meanwhile, spatial variations of concentration for the three components in Taihu Lake have been analyzed, and the result indicates that the concentration of component 1 depends more on the situation of wastewater pollution and can be used as the indicator of wastewater pollution. The relationship between the concentrations of the three components and results of the wet chemical analysis show that none of the three components can be used as indicators of gross organic matter in water. However, the concentrations of all the three components have obvious linear relationships with the BOD5 value, especially for component 1 (r=0.72878). Finally, the potential applications of the composition analysis based on 3DEEM and PARAFAC model in water quality monitoring have been illuminated.     

构建金厦示范区海域环境联合管理体系的设想

分析两地海洋环境管理体系互补、互动关系，提出优化管理资源配置，构建一个两地协调的海洋环境管理体系的设想，从体制上解决分割的管理体系与统一的管理目标—金厦海域管理的矛盾。     

Simulating study on the effect of acid precipitation on forest soil weathering

The effect of acid rain on the forest soils in China was discussed on the basis of simulating studies. The soils were collected from five typical areas, including Chongqing in Sichuan Province and Guiyang in Guizhou Province, where there has been heavier acid rain in southwest China, and Huitong in Hunan Province, Zhouzhi in Shaanxi Province, and Xinglong in Hebei Province, all of which were selected as control. Field investigation and sampling were made in the typical forests in all the above five areas. The relationship between pH values in precipitation and rates of soil weathering, the difference between the rates of soil weathering in different areas, and the cause of such a difference, have been worked out. The prediction was also conducted on the supply dynamics of nutrient and toxic elements in various forest ecosystems which were affected by acid deposition in order to understand the long-term effects of acid precipitation on the forest ecosystems studied.     

重庆颗粒物中TSP和自然干沉降来源识别

本文用主成分分析法和聚类分析法分别对TSP和干沉降的来源进行了分析,并得出颗粒物中不同元素分别来源于燃煤、燃油、风砂、扬尘等的结论.     

湖泊和水库中藻类去除方法的研究进展

由于富营养化的影响，在我省少部分湖泊和水库中多次发生因藻类的强烈光合作用而产生的高pH值污染和藻类毒素对饮用水的污染等现象。该文综合了除藻的各种方式以及对环境的污染和对人体健康的影响等多种因素，认为以生物除藻和物理除藻两种方法比较适合我省的实际情况。     

氮同位素示踪贵州红枫湖河流季节性氮污染

利用氮同位素技术对贵州红枫湖各输入、输出河流氮污染状况和季节性变化规律进行了研究,并通过对输入河流和输出河流的氮对比,探讨红枫湖的氮负荷变化。农业输入河流季节氮污染变化较小,以低硝酸盐、低铵盐含量为特征,其氮同位素组成较小,位于农业源范围之内(<+10‰)。工业污染河流氮污染呈干季和雨季变化:干季(冬春季)以高硝酸盐、高铵盐含量和高氮同位素组成(>+10‰)为特征,雨季(夏季)则相似于农业输入河流。因而利用氮同位素组成可以对不同类型河流氮污染源进行可靠识别。