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31.
An Hui Razzaq Asif Nawaz Ahsan Noman Sohail M. Khan Syed Abdul Rehman 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(37):51022-51045
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Belt and Road initiative (BRI) mainly relies on the traditional and underdeveloped logistical trade routes including the terrestrial and oceanic... 相似文献
32.
Habib-ur-Rehman Mirza Abdul Rehman Usman Ali Naeem Hashim Nisar Hashmi Abdul Sattar Shakir 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(1):39
The pivot point of delta in Tarbela dam has reached at about 10.6 km from the dam face which may result in blocking of tunnels. Tarbela delta was modeled from 1979 to 2060 using hec-6 model. Initially, the model was calibrated for year 1999 and validated for years 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2006 by involving the data of sediment concentration, reservoir cross sections (73 range lines), elevation-area capacity curves, and inflows and outflows from the reservoir. Then, the model was used to generate future scenarios, i.e., run-1, run-2, and run-3 with pool levels; 428, 442, and 457 m, respectively, till 2060. Results of run-1 and run-2 showed advancement to choke the tunnels by 2010 and 2030, respectively. Finally, in run-3, the advancement was further delayed showing that tunnels 1 and 2 will be choked by year 2050 and pivot point will reach at 6.4 km from the dam face. 相似文献
33.
Luca Santini Stuart H. M. Butchart Carlo Rondinini Ana Benítez-López Jelle P. Hilbers Aafke M. Schipper Mirza Cengic Joseph A. Tobias Mark A. J. Huijbregts 《Conservation biology》2019,33(5):1084-1093
The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List categories and criteria are the most widely used framework for assessing the relative extinction risk of species. The criteria are based on quantitative thresholds relating to the size, trends, and structure of species’ distributions and populations. However, data on these parameters are sparse and uncertain for many species and unavailable for others, potentially leading to their misclassification or classification as data deficient. We devised an approach that combines data on land-cover change, species-specific habitat preferences, population abundance, and dispersal distance to estimate key parameters (extent of occurrence, maximum area of occupancy, population size and trend, and degree of fragmentation) and hence predict IUCN Red List categories for species. We applied our approach to nonpelagic birds and terrestrial mammals globally (∼15,000 species). The predicted categories were fairly consistent with published IUCN Red List assessments, but more optimistic overall. We predicted 4.2% of species (467 birds and 143 mammals) to be more threatened than currently assessed and 20.2% of data deficient species (10 birds and 114 mammals) to be at risk of extinction. Incorporating the habitat fragmentation subcriterion reduced these predictions 1.5–2.3% and 6.4–14.9% (depending on the quantitative definition of fragmentation) for threatened and data deficient species, respectively, highlighting the need for improved guidance for IUCN Red List assessors on the application of this aspect of the IUCN Red List criteria. Our approach complements traditional methods of estimating parameters for IUCN Red List assessments. Furthermore, it readily provides an early-warning system to identify species potentially warranting changes in their extinction-risk category based on periodic updates of land-cover information. Given our method relies on optimistic assumptions about species distribution and abundance, all species predicted to be more at risk than currently evaluated should be prioritized for reassessment. 相似文献
34.
Making sense of predator scents: investigating the sophistication of predator assessment abilities of fathead minnows 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Robin?C.?KuschEmail author Reehan?S.?Mirza Douglas?P.?Chivers 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2004,55(6):551-555
According to the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis, selection favors prey that accurately assess the degree of threat posed by a predator and adjust their anti-predator response to match the level of risk. Many species of animals rely on chemical cues to estimate predation risk; however, the information content conveyed in these chemical signatures is not well understood. We tested the threat-sensitive predator avoidance hypothesis by determining the specificity of the information conveyed to prey in the chemical signature of their predator. We found that fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) could determine the degree of threat posed by northern pike (Esox lucius) based on the concentration of chemical cues used. The proportion of minnows that exhibited an anti-predator response when exposed to a predator cue increased as the concentration of the pike cue used increased. More surprisingly, the prey could also distinguish large pike from small pike based on their odor alone. The minnows responded more intensely to cues of small pike than to cues of large pike. In this predator–prey system small pike likely represent a greater threat than large pike.Communicated by A. Mathis 相似文献
35.
Ibrahim Hafeezur Rehman Abhishek Kar Rob Raven Dilip Singh Jitendra Tiwari Rakesh Jha Pramod Kumar Sinha Asim Mirza 《Environmental Science & Policy》2010,13(4):303-311
In most developing countries, at the household level, traditional burning of biomass or use of inefficient technologies for domestic applications like lighting is common, triggering concerns related to fuel or technology switching. The paper focuses on opportunities to promote cleaner energy options through development of value chains delivering improved energy efficiency and access in developing countries. We discuss the example of Uttam Urja, a field project involving the dissemination of photovoltaic lighting technologies in rural areas of India. We focus on the challenges of introducing radical innovations into the residential energy sector in developing countries. For the purpose of this paper the Uttam Urja project is conceptualized as an ‘experiment’ and analysed using the Strategic Niche Management (SNM) framework. The paper emphasizes that to effect socio-technical transitions to clean energy options on the ground, it is desirable to focus on technology customization and innovative financing to cater to the needs and concerns of end users. 相似文献
36.
Roozbeh Mirza Mehdi Mohammadi Iraj Faghiri Ehsan Abedi Ali Fakhri Ali Azimi Mohammad Ali Zahed 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7387-7398
Samples of surface sediments from the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf were examined to determine the levels and sources of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Samples were collected from 30 sampling sites and analyzed for PAHs by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Total concentrations of PAHs ranged from 93 to 4,077 ng g?1 dry weight. The PAH composition from 30 sampling sites was dominated by four-ring PAH compounds. Molecular indices based on the ratios of PAH concentrations were used to differentiate PAHs from pyrolitic to petrogenic and mixed origins. The results suggested that the main sources of PAHs in sediments from the studied region were mixed pyrolitic and petrogenic. Furthermore, benthic organisms in most of the investigated areas were not at ecotoxicological risk, according to the results from the effects range low (ERL)/effects range median (ERM) techniques suggested by the US Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). 相似文献
37.
Shakir L Ejaz S Ashraf M Ahmad N Javeed A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(2):492-501
Introduction
Over the last few decades, the chromium-based tanning industry has shown rapid growth in Pakistan. However, the rules and regulations promulgated by the government are not strictly followed for processing the effluent discharge from the tanneries. Consequently, tannery effluents have become a great source of water pollution in surrounding areas. 相似文献38.
Khaleeq Anwar Sohail Ejaz Muhammad Ashraf Nisar Ahmad Aqeel Javeed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4574-4586
Major transformations in the environmental composition are principally attributable to the combustion of fuels by automobiles. Motorized gasoline-powered two-stroke auto-rickshaws (TSA) and compressed natural gas (CNG)-powered four-stroke auto-rickshaws (FSA) are potential source of air pollution in south Asia and produce toxic amount of particulate matter (PM) to the environment. In this study, we attempted to characterize elemental pollutants from the PM of TSA and FSA using proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis. The observations of the existing investigation recognized significant increase in Al (P?<?0.05), P (P?<?0.01), and Zn (P?<?0.01) from the PM samples of FSA. In addition, the concentrations of Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na and S were also observed exceeding the recommended National Institute for Environmental Studies limits. On the contrary, increased concentration of Sr and V were observed in the PM samples from TSA. It is generally believed that FSA generates smaller amount of PM but data obtained from FSA are clearly describing that emissions from FSA comprised potentially more toxic substances than TSA. The current research is specific to metropolitan population and has evidently revealed an inconsistent burden of exposure to air pollutants engendered by FSA in urban communities, which could lead to the disruption of several biological activities and may cause severe damage to entire ecological system. 相似文献
39.
Teuku Muhammad Rasyif Syamsidik Musa Al’ala Mirza Fahmi 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2016,20(6):489-499
There are numerous small populated islands near western Sumatra in Indonesia. The Weh, Banyak, Mentawai, and Enggano islands are home to many Indonesians. These small islands have been found to be effective at reducing tsunami wave energy on several occasions. At the same time, they are situated around Sumatras active subduction zone and are often among the areas most affected by tsunamisas in the case of Pulo Raya Island, in the western Aceh Jaya district about 800 m from Sumatra. Pulo Raya was devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. This study investigates the hydrodynamic processes of reflected tsunami waves and their impact on Pulo Raya, using a Cornell Multi-grid COupled Tsunami (COMCOT) model to simulate the tsunami wave runup and subsequent hydrodynamic processes. The simulation confirms eyewitness accounts that it was not the initial runup, but the reflected waves that devastated the worst-hit areas of the island. As a result, we can recommend that governments and communities on small islands need to anticipate the impacts of reflected waves following a tsunami, especially at lee side of of the island that was perceived to be a safer place by the island community before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. 相似文献
40.
Sohail Muhammad Tayyab Ullah Sana Majeed Muhammad Tariq Usman Ahmed Andlib Zubaria 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(23):29265-29275
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study explores the symmetric and asymmetric effects of the shadow economy on clean energy and air pollution of South Asian countries over the... 相似文献