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41.
Masaki Takaoka Nobuo Takeda Naruo Yamagata Takahiro Masuda 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(3):198-205
We discuss the current status of waste to power generation (WPG) in Japan and various scenarios involving indirect reduction
of carbon dioxide emissions by WPG. The number of WPG facilities domestically as of 2005 was 286. Power generation capacity
attained 1,515 MW and power generation 7,050 GWh/year. This amount substitutes energy otherwise acquired from natural resources
such as fossil fuels in thermal power plants. If the basic unit of carbon dioxide is 0.555 kg-CO2/kWh, then the corresponding carbon dioxide emission reduction is calculated to be 3.9 million tons, equivalent to 26.7% of
the 14.6 million tons emitted by municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) in 2005. Using various existing technological options,
the power generation efficiency could reach more than 20% in MSWI facilities with capacity of 300 tons/day, although present
efficiency is only 12.0%. If about 85% of MSW were incinerated in MSWI with power generation efficiency of 20% as a feasible
assumption, the total power generation and the corresponding carbon dioxide reduction would be 16,540 GWh/year and 9.18 million
tons, respectively, equivalent to 62.7% of the carbon dioxide emitted by MSWI. Also, the ratio of the additional reduction
of carbon dioxide emissions by WPG to the total additional reduction (20,000 ktons/year) in Japan during the first commitment
period would be 26.3%, suggesting that promotion of WPG in MSWI is an effective option for prevention of global warming. 相似文献
42.
S. Hirota M. Matsuura H. Masuda A. Ushiyama K. Wake S. Watanabe M. Taki C. Ohkubo 《The Environmentalist》2009,29(2):186-189
A cranial window method modified for our experiment enabled to observe the cerebral microcirculation including the blood-brain
barrier permeability after a local expose to radio-frequency electromagnetic fields with a monopole antenna in rats. The present
report reviews our recent publications that reported no noticeable changes in the cerebral microcirculatory parameters due
to RF-EMF exposure. 相似文献
43.
I. M. Ghandour S. Basaham A. Al-Washmi H. Masuda 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(3):1465-1484
The present study investigated the natural and anthropogenic processes that control the composition of the bottom sediments of Sharm Obhur, Red Sea. Mineralogical analysis using XRD indicated that the sediments consist of carbonate and non-carbonate minerals. Elemental interrelationships allowed differentiating two groups of elements of different sources and origin. Elements that are in the same group are positively correlated, while they correlate negatively with elements of the other group. The first group includes silicon, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, whereas the other group includes Ca, Sr, and CaCO3. The highest concentration levels of the first group and the highest content of non-carbonate minerals were obtained from the sediments near the head of the sharm (zone A), whereas the sediments near the mouth of the sharm (zone B) yielded high concentrations of second group and carbonate minerals. Metal enrichment and contamination factors and pollution load index were calculated. The values of these indices differentiate two groups of metals: lithogenic and non-lithogenic. Except for lead (Pb) at one sampling site, metals in zone A sediments are of lithogenic source, supplied to the sharm either naturally by aeolian transportation and through Wadi Al-Kuraa'a during rare but major floods or by human activities such as dumping and shore protection. Non-lithogenic Cr, Pb, V, and Mn were documented from some sampling sites in zone B, and their occurrences are related to waste disposal and fossil fuel combustion. 相似文献
44.
Taisuke Watanabe Ippei Kuroda Taichi Nakajima Mitsutoshi Masuda 《Traffic injury prevention》2019,20(4):S78-S83
AbstractObjective: In 2020, the world’s first crash compatibility rating test will be introduced in the European mobile progressive deformable barrier (MPDB) test. In this research, the quantitative change in partner protection performance of large vehicles in car-to-car (C2C) impacts was studied if these large vehicles were designed in future based on MPDB tests addressing crash compatibility ratings.Methods: Representative vehicles of the European fleet were selected and a Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) parameter study was conducted. In particular, by changing an indicator of structural interaction performance (SD; i.e., the degree of uniformity of barrier deformation)/mass/stiffness of large vehicles systematically in a step-by-step approach, the compatibility evaluation results of large vehicles in MPDB and the occupant injury score of small vehicles in C2C impacts were compared. The CAE result was evaluated compared to that of C2C physical impact tests.Results: The CAE parameter study showed that in the C2C impact condition, the effects on occupant injury in a small vehicle due to changes in the large vehicle were as follows: (1) SD change: The effect was minor except for small overlap condition. (2) Mass and stiffness change: The effect was relatively major.On the other hand, compatibility evaluation in the MPDB showed a tendency to overestimate the effect of SD change in comparison with the above-mentioned C2C impact condition.In addition, physical impact tests showed that, based on SD evaluation, the large vehicle with a relatively inferior compatibility rating compared to those with superior compatibility ratings showed a contradicting trend of better compatibility performance in the C2C test.Conclusions: The currently proposed compatibility evaluation method of the MPDB test showed some tendency to overestimate the effect of SD change and resulted in quantitatively inconsistent outcomes regarding occupant injury in the partner car in C2C impact conditions. 相似文献
45.
Senichi Masuda Shunji Ago Tsutomu Itoh Hiroshi Saito Nobuo Furuya 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):241-242
Three experiments were designed to determine the effects of SO2 concentration on two Southeastern oat varieties—Caroiee and Coker 227. The plants were grown under uniform conditions prior to and after the experimental growth period. During the 7 to 14 day experimental growth period the plants were subjected to four growth temperatures (18/14, 22/18, 26/22 and 30/26° C day/night temperatures) and exposed 2 or 4 times to specific concentrations of SO2 (from 0 to 4 ppm) for 1.5 or 3.0 hr periods. In the first two experiments, the exposure temperatures were varied (18° to 30° C). In the third design, the exposure temperatures remained constant and two exposure relative humidities (55 and 80%) were used. Injury and growth reductions were more severe in Coker 227 than in Caroiee. Root dry weight (RDW) was affected more than top dry weight (TDW). Plants were more sensitive at the higher growth temperatures. Exposure temperatures had little to variable effects. Plants were more sensitive at 80% than at 55% relative humidity. Biomass was reduced at 0.4 ppm SO2 after four 3 hr exposures and at 0.75 ppm after two 1.5 hr exposures, but growth was also increased as often. These concentrations approached the accepted threshold for adverse effects to sensitive vegetation. Foliar injury was highly correlated with growth reductions. 相似文献
46.
Impact of land use and land cover changes on the ambient temperature in a middle scale city, Takamatsu, in Southwest Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Atsuko Nonomura Mutsuko Kitahara Takuro Masuda 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(11):3297-3304
There is a lack of information on urban heat island impact on the thermal environment due to low populated urban sprawl, although densely populated urban sprawl impact has been identified by several researchers. The Takamatsu area has recently developed in a low populated urban sprawl style without any increase in population. This paper examined the impact of a low populated urban sprawl on the thermal environment through an analysis of the last 30 years data set and investigated the contribution of vegetation fraction and population density to the temperature trend. As a consequence, it was shown that one of the most significant causative factors of temperature increase is an expansion of non-vegetated area even without population growth. This result implied that vegetated zones should be maintained in urban areas in order to realize sustainable urbanization. 相似文献
47.
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Male Sprague-Dawley rats received four consecutive intraperitoneal doses of nine methylsulfonyl (MeSO2) metabolites of tetra-, penta- and hexachlorinated biphenyls (tetra-, penta- and hexaCBs) to determine their effects on thyroid hormone levels. Nine MeSO2 metabolites, major MeSO2-PCBs detected in human milk, liver and adipose tissue, were 3-MeSO2-2,2',4',5-tetraCB (3-MeSO2-CB49), 3-MeSO2-2,3',4',5-tetraCB (3-MeSO2-CB70), 3-MeSO2-2,2',3',4',5-pentaCB (3-MeSO2-CB87), 3-MeSO2-2,2',4',5,5'-pentaCB (3-MeSO2-CB101), 4-MeSO2-2,2',4',5,5'-pentaCB (4-MeSO2-CB101), 3-MeSO2-2,2',3',4',5,6-hexaCB (3-MeSO2-CB132), 3-MeSO2-2,2',3',4',5,5'-hexaCB (3-MeSO2-CB141), 3-MeSO2-2,2',4',5,5',6-hexaCB (3-MeSO2-CB149) and 4-MeSO2-2,2',4',5,5',6-hexaCB (4-MeSO2-CB149). All nine MeSO2 metabolites (20 micromol/kg once daily for four days) reduced serum total thyroxine levels (16-44%) at a much lower dose than phenobarbital (431 micromol/kg once daily for four days) on days 2, 3, 4 and 7 after the last dosage. Total triiodothyronine level was reduced 37% by treatments with 3-MeSO2-CB49 and 3-MeSO2-CB149 at day 7, but increased 35% and 38% by 3-MeSO2-CB70 and 4-MeSO2-CB101 at days 3 and 4, respectively. The reductions in thyroxine levels led to an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone levels by 3-MeSO2-CB49, 3-MeSO2-CB87, 3-MeSO2-CB101, 3-MeSO2-CB132, 3-MeSO2-CB141, 3-MeSO2-CB149 and 4-MeSO2-CB149. A 30% increase in thyroid weight was produced by 3-MeSO2-CB101 and 3-MeSO2-CB141 treatments. Total cytochrome P450 content and the activity of 7-pentoxyrosorufin O-dealkylase were increased by all seven 3-MeSO2-PCBs. 3-MeSO2-CB49, 3-MeSO2-CB87, 3-MeSO2-CB101 and 3-MeSO2-CB132 also increased the activity of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase. Thus, it is likely that all nine tested MeSO2 metabolites could influence thyroid hormone metabolism. The results show that tested 3- and 4-MeSO2 metabolites of tetra-, penta- and hexaCBs reduce thyroid hormone levels in rats, suggesting that the metabolites may act as endocrine-disrupters. 相似文献
50.
NO在电晕场中氧化的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
对NO在电晕放电场中的氧化研究表明,NO的氧化效果受所加电压的极性、电压波形的影响很大,前沿上升快的脉冲电压对NO氧化效果最佳。气体在电场中停留时间、气体的温度等对NO的氧化也有很大影响。本实验对200ppm浓度的NO可达99.9%以上的氧化率。 相似文献