排序方式: 共有34条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Webster L Walsham P Russell M Hussy I Neat F Dalgarno E Packer G Scurfield JA Moffat CF 《Chemosphere》2011,83(6):839-850
Halogenated persistent organic pollutants [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)] along with total lipid, were measured in the liver and muscle of three species of deep water fish (black scabbard, black dogfish (liver only) and roundnose grenadier) collected from the Rockall fishing area, to the west of Scotland, between 2006 and 2008. Both contaminant groups were detected in the muscle and liver, with concentrations of PCBs being higher than PBDEs. There were no significant differences in the PCB or PBDE concentrations between the three species, or different sampling locations in the Rockall fishing area. PCB concentrations (ΣICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea)7 PCBs) greater than 500 μg kg−1 lipid weight were found in 26 of the 106 liver samples. PCB concentrations were compared to OSPAR assessment criteria, concentrations were above background but below Environmental Assessment Criteria. Estimated Toxic Equivalent (TEQ) concentrations, calculated using published models, in the fish muscle and liver indicated that consumption of deep water fish is unlikely to represent a risk to human health. The high squalene content in some of the black dogfish liver necessitated an additional clean-up step, involving gel permeation chromatography, when analyzing for PBDEs. Concentrations of PBDEs were low with many congeners being below detection limits, particularly in the muscle. There are currently no assessment criteria available for PBDEs. Furthermore, there is only very limited data on PBDEs in deep water fish. However, the concentrations observed in this study were similar to the concentrations recently reported in Mediterranean deep water fish. 相似文献
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Kirwan N Oliver MA Moffat AJ Morgan GW 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,111(1-3):149-172
Long-term monitoring of forest soils as part of a pan-European network to detect environmental change depends on an accurate
determination of the mean of the soil properties at each monitoring event. Forest soil is known to be very variable spatially,
however. A study was undertaken to explore and quantify this variability at three forest monitoring plots in Britain. Detailed
soil sampling was carried out, and the data from the chemical analyses were analysed by classical statistics and geostatistics.
An analysis of variance showed that there were no consistent effects from the sample sites in relation to the position of
the trees. The variogram analysis showed that there was spatial dependence at each site for several variables and some varied
in an apparently periodic way. An optimal sampling analysis based on the multivariate variogram for each site suggested that
a bulked sample from 36 cores would reduce error to an acceptable level. Future sampling should be designed so that it neither
targets nor avoids trees and disturbed ground. This can be achieved best by using a stratified random sampling design. 相似文献
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This paper examines the relationship between quality of life indicators and the gross value of minerals production from Australian regions. We used quality of life indicators, aggregated for 71 local government areas containing mining activities, of household income, housing affordability, access to communication services, educational attainment, life expectancy, and unemployment. We find no evidence of systematic negative associations between quality of life and the gross value of minerals production. Instead, mining activity has a positive impact on incomes, housing affordability, communication access, education and employment across regional and remote Australia. Whilst we do not establish causality between mining activity and quality of life, our analysis prompts a rethink of the resource curse as it applies within a single country. We did not find evidence of a resource curse, at the local government level, in Australia’s mining regions. Nevertheless, we note observations by many other researchers of negative social impacts on specific demographic sectors, localities, families of fly-in fly-out mining operations, and individuals. This contrast may be a scale issue, with the regional benefits of mineral wealth masking highly localised inequalities and disadvantage. We suggest that there is a need to better understand these impacts and, more importantly, the types of policy mechanisms government and industry can adopt to mitigate or avoid them. 相似文献