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211.
Osińska Adriana Korzeniewska Ewa Korzeniowska-Kowal Agnieszka Wzorek Anna Harnisz Monika Jachimowicz Piotr Buta-Hubeny Martyna Zieliński Wiktor 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(5):11572-11583
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Escherichia coli bacteria are an essential indicator in evaluations of environmental pollution, which is why they must be correctly identified. This... 相似文献
212.
Impact of alternative metrics on estimates of extent of occurrence for extinction risk assessment
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Lucas N. Joppa Stuart H. M. Butchart Michael Hoffmann Steve P. Bachman H. Resit Akçakaya Justin F. Moat Monika Böhm Robert A. Holland Adrian Newton Beth Polidoro Adrian Hughes 《Conservation biology》2016,30(2):362-370
In International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments, extent of occurrence (EOO) is a key measure of extinction risk. However, the way assessors estimate EOO from maps of species’ distributions is inconsistent among assessments of different species and among major taxonomic groups. Assessors often estimate EOO from the area of mapped distribution, but these maps often exclude areas that are not habitat in idiosyncratic ways and are not created at the same spatial resolutions. We assessed the impact on extinction risk categories of applying different methods (minimum convex polygon, alpha hull) for estimating EOO for 21,763 species of mammals, birds, and amphibians. Overall, the percentage of threatened species requiring down listing to a lower category of threat (taking into account other Red List criteria under which they qualified) spanned 11–13% for all species combined (14–15% for mammals, 7–8% for birds, and 12–15% for amphibians). These down listings resulted from larger estimates of EOO and depended on the EOO calculation method. Using birds as an example, we found that 14% of threatened and near threatened species could require down listing based on the minimum convex polygon (MCP) approach, an approach that is now recommended by IUCN. Other metrics (such as alpha hull) had marginally smaller impacts. Our results suggest that uniformly applying the MCP approach may lead to a one‐time down listing of hundreds of species but ultimately ensure consistency across assessments and realign the calculation of EOO with the theoretical basis on which the metric was founded. 相似文献
213.
Franziska Rohr Christian Ulrichs Monika Schreiner Chau Nhi Nguyen Inga Mewis 《Chemoecology》2011,21(3):171-180
Glucosinolates (GSs) are part of a two-component defence system, characteristic for the Brassicales, including the model species
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. The defence activity of GSs is associated with different side chain structures. The AOP genes are central in side-chain modification. AOP2 mediates formation of alkenyl GS from a methylsulfinyl precursor, whereas
AOP3 catalyzes production of hydroxy-alkyl GSs from the same precursor. Although several studies have assessed the role of
GSs in plant defence, the function of specific aliphatic GSs in plant defence is still not clarified. Structural different
GSs may influence insect herbivores differentially. We created a set of plant lines derived of a cross between two A. thaliana accessions, Gie-0 × Sap-0, which dominantly accumulate either 3-methylsulfinylpropyl GS or 3-hydroxypropyl GS. The generalist
Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the crucifer-specialist Pieris brassicae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) were used as model insects, to study effects of individual aliphatic GSs on lepidopteran herbivores
with a different feeding specialization. However, the experiments revealed that weight gain of S. exigua and P. brassicae third and fourth-larval instars was similar on both chemotypes. But leaf consumption of the generalist was higher on 3-methylsulfinylpropyl-producing
lines with low GS levels (23.2 μmol g−1) than on 3-hydroxypropyl-producing lines that contained a more than twofold higher amount of GSs (60 μmol g−1). In contrast, no differential effects of non-hydroxylated and hydroxylated GSs were found on the specialist P. brassicae. Our study indicates that there is no simple relationship between GS content and insect responses. 相似文献
214.
Boris Poff Karen A. Koestner Daniel G. Neary Victoria Henderson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2011,47(6):1241-1254
Poff, Boris, Karen A. Koestner, Daniel G. Neary, and Victoria Henderson, 2011. Threats to Riparian Ecosystems in Western North America: An Analysis of Existing Literature. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(6):1241–1254. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00571.x Abstract: A total of 453 journal articles, reports, books, and book chapters addressing threats to riparian ecosystems in western North America were analyzed to identify, quantify, and qualify the major threats to these ecosystems as represented in the existing literature. Publications were identified either as research, policy, literature review, historical comparison, or management papers. All papers were evaluated based on year of publication, area of interest, and type(s) of threats addressed. Research papers, however, were assessed in more depth. The publications ranged from the 1930s to 2010 and addressed the following threats: dams, pollution (point and nonpoint), grazing, land use change, timber harvesting, water diversion, road construction, recreation, mining, groundwater pumping, invasive species, climate change, salinity, fire, insect and diseases, woody encroachment, watershed degradation, elimination of native vegetation, beavers, fire suppression, and fuel management. While the types of threats vary on spatial and temporal scales, some persist through decades in western North America. This analysis shows that grazing has been perceived as a dominant threat since the 1980s, but has been diminishing in the past decade, while invasive species, dams and, in recent years, climate change are increasingly represented in the literature as threats to riparian ecosystems in western North America. 相似文献
215.
Lewińska-Preis L Jabłońska M Fabiańska MJ Kita A 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(6):595-611
Contents of mineral substance, silica, and a range of bioelements and toxic elements (Mg, Na, K, Ca, Ba, Zn, Cr, P Al, Cd,
Mn Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, Fe) in 38 livers of donors from the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (southern Poland) are presented. Elements
were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) with the exception of silica that was
estimated colorimetrically. Concentrations, concentration variability, and correlations between selected liver components
determined for the total population are related to donor age, gender, and lesion occurrence. Correlations between particular
elements were found using correlation coefficient values and the Fisher transformation. Mineral substance in the livers lies
in the range 0.40–5.03 wt%. With increasing donor age, mineral-matter content decreases to a minimum for the 40–60 years of
age range. Microbioelement contents show a similar tendency, while microbioelements and toxic elements reach maximum contents
in donors aged 60–80 years. All elements show content decreases in livers from the oldest group (>80 years). Silica contents
increase with age. Variability of element contents is lowest in the older subpopulations. Livers with lesions show lower element
contents and variability. The results are compared to literature data for regions of Poland assumed to be of low pollution
and to data from comparable regions in Japan and Hungary. Up to our knowledge, this paper is the first work describing the
total contents, as distinct from contents of selected elements, of mineral substance in human livers. 相似文献
216.
Grover Madhuri Behl Tapan Sachdeva Monika Bungao Simona Aleya Lotfi Setia Dhruv 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(15):18893-18907
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound that exhibited good anticancer potential against different types of cancers through its multi-targeted effect like... 相似文献
217.
218.
Monika Suchowska-Kisielewicz Andrzej Jedrczak Zofia Sadecka Sylwia Myszograj 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2013,15(2):138-145
The efficiency of waste degradation can be expressed by the rate of waste decomposition in individual phases. This article presents the durations of degradation phases of pretreated and untreated waste stabilized in anaerobic laboratory reactors. In this investigation, the quantities of organic and nitrogen contaminants emitted from the waste during the study are presented. The study confirmed the beneficial effects of aerobic pretreatment of waste before landfilling on reducing the duration of hydrolysis and acid phases, and speeding up the start of the stable methane phase. In the pretreated waste reactor, the stable methane phase began about 19 weeks earlier than in the untreated waste. The total amounts of contaminants removed from the aerobic pretreatment waste were lower than from untreated waste, with values of COD, TOC, BOD5, and VFA corresponding to 21, 18, 6, and 23 %, respectively, and values of TKN and NH4 of 7 and 50 %, respectively. 相似文献
219.
Elmira Kujundzic David A. Zander Largus T. Angenent David E. Henderson Shelly L. Miller 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):210-218
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a new generation of high-volume, ceiling-mounted high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-ultraviolet (UV) air filters (HUVAFs) for their ability to remove or inactivate bacterial aerosol. In an environmentally controlled full-scale laboratory chamber (87 m3), and an indoor therapy pool building, the mitigation ability of air filters was assessed by comparing concentrations of total bacteria, culturable bacteria, and airborne endotoxin with and without the air filters operating under otherwise similar conditions. Controlled chamber tests with pure cultures of aerosolized Mycobacterium parafortuitum cells showed that the HUVAF unit tested provided an equivalent air-exchange rate of 11 hr?1. Using this equivalent air-exchange rate as a design basis, three HUVAFs were installed in an indoor therapy pool building for bioaerosol mitigation, and their effectiveness was studied over a 2-year period. The HUVAFs reduced concentrations of culturable bacteria by 69 and 80% during monitoring periods executed in respective years. The HUVAFs reduced concentrations of total bacteria by 12 and 76% during the same monitoring period, respectively. Airborne endotoxin concentrations were not affected by the HUVAF operation. 相似文献
220.
Monika Rajkowska Mikołaj Protasowicki 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(4):3493-3502
This study presents concentrations of iron, manganese, zinc, and copper in selected tissues of two fish species: pike (Esox lucius L.) and bream (Abramis brama L.) living in lakes Ińsko and Wisola, Northwestern Poland. The lakes differ in their trophic status. The effect of gender and environmental conditions on metals accumulation was also investigated. Metal analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Considering all studied fish species and tissues, the average metal concentrations (micrograms per gram wet weight) in both lakes occurred in the following ranges: Fe 0.8–240.6, Mn 0.2–8.4, Zn 3.0–185.9, and Cu 0.14–7.76. The lowest levels of the studied metals were always detected in the muscles. The spleen, kidneys, and liver were found to accumulate the highest amounts of Fe. In the case of the other metals, the highest levels were found, as follows: Mn in skin, gills, and gonads, Zn in digestive tract and gills, Cu in liver. Heavy metal content in fish gonads was observed to be sex dependent. 相似文献