Further Results on Permit Markets with Market Power and Cheating

This paper examines a market for pollution permits in which one firm has market power and one or more firms is noncompliant. I show that the firm with market power may choose to hold more permits than it needs, effectively retiring permits from the market. I also show that some noncompliance may be socially desirable because it can mitigate the distortion caused by market power. Similarly, some degree of market power may be socially desirable because it can, in turn, mitigate the distortion caused by noncompliance.     

Effects of dosing and routes of administration on excretion and metabolism of 14-C dieldrin in rats

The biotransformation and elimination of ¹⁴C-dieldrin (HEOD) in non-acute toxic concentrations were investigated in male rats. A population of 36 rats was divided into two equal subgroups which were either exposed intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally to 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg dieldrin/kg body weight on five consecutive days. 74–84 percent of the cumulative doses were eliminated via faeces and urine within 14 days for all groups. However, the daily excretion of dieldrin-derived residues, calculated as percent of the amount actually stored in the tissues, was significantly different between orally and i.p. treated groups. Also relatively large differences in the kinetic of excretion were found in the beginning of the experiment among individuals of the entire test population and among the six exposure groups. Ninety percent of the radioactive carbon compounds, excreted with urine and faeces, were extracted, purified and chromatographed with T.L.C. techniques. Four major radioactive fractions were isolated and identified from faecal and renal extracts of each group. Comparative studies of the nature (GLC-MS) and of the quantity (T.L.C./G.L.C.) of the metabolites and the parent compound indicated no significant differences in the pattern of metabolism as a consequence of different doses and/or routes of administration.     

Health Impact of Injuries: A Population-Based Epidemiological Investigation in a Local Community of Bangladesh

Due to the lack of valid injury data, the objective of this study was to assess the injury morbidity and mortality in a local community of Bangladesh. A population-based survey of 3,258 households was conducted in 1996. The information was collected by trained field-level health workers using three pretested structured forms. The estimated crude morbidity from injuries was 311 per 1,000 population per year, and injury accounted for 13% of all morbidity. The children and old-age groups experienced higher injury rates than others, and male children aged 5–15 years had the highest incidence rates (546/1,000 person-years). Falls and cutting injuries tended to be the most frequently (62.4%) observed types of injuries in this survey. The home (42%) and workplace (42%) were where most of the injuries occurred, and the majority (70.7%) of the injuries were minor. Of all deaths, mortality from injuries was 2.9%, and drowning (27.8%) and homicide (16.7%) were found as common forms of injury-causing deaths. This study invites more detailed investigation on injury morbidity and mortality.     

Mathematical modeling of sustainable development goals of India agenda 2030: a Neutrosophic programming approach

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Since 2015, the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) agenda 2030 has been designed with 17 goals, 169 targets, and 232 unique indicators...     

Foliar application of aspartic acid lowers cadmium uptake and Cd-induced oxidative stress in rice under Cd stress

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) contamination of farmland soils is a widespread problem around the globe, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) tends to accumulate more Cd and is...     

Pb-induced changes in roots of two cultivated rice cultivars grown in lead-contaminated soil mediated by smoke

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nowadays, public concerns regarding deleterious effect of lead (Pb) is on rise due to its abundance and toxic effect on plants and other living...     

Health risk assessment of drinking arsenic-containing groundwater in Hasilpur,Pakistan: effect of sampling area,depth, and source

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Currently, several news channels and research publications have highlighted the dilemma of arsenic (As)-contaminated groundwater in Pakistan. However,...     

Examining foreign direct investment and environmental pollution linkage in Asia

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigated the causal linkage between environmental pollution by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and net foreign direct investment (FDI),...     

Dechlorane Plus as an emerging environmental pollutant in Asia: a review

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dechlorane Plus (DP) is an unregulated, highly chlorinated flame retardant. It has been manufactured from past 40 years but its presence in...     

Impact assessment of urban development patterns on land surface temperature by using remote sensing techniques: a case study of Lahore,Faisalabad and Multan district

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urban Heat Island (UHI) is related to the theory of higher atmosphere and surface temperature taking place in the city area as compared to the nearby...