浅析互助县水资源利用及水环境保护

通过分析互助县水资源及利用现状,找出水资源对社会经济持续发展的制约因素,对全县水域进行功能区划分,提出水资源及水环境保护目标。     

Two Major Relative Comparative Advantages of China in International Trade

Sustainable development requires enriching and developing the traditional international trade theory, especially integrating the environmental elements into the current analysis framework of relative comparative advantages. These relationships among labor, capital, and environmental resources are analyzed in this study, using the relative comparative advantages method. As indicated in the analysis, the ever-increasing international trading volume in China relies not only on the relative comparative advantage of labor but also on the environmental one; these are the two major advantages in China. However, the two advantages will experience serious challenge in the future along with a rising cost on labor and environmental pollution.     

平邑甜茶根毛细胞离子流动性对PAHs胁迫的响应

以苹果砧木-平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd）幼苗为实验材料,采用营养液栽培,利用非损伤微测技术,研究多环芳烃（PAHs）中荧蒽和苯并（b）荧蒽胁迫处理对平邑甜茶幼苗根毛细胞Ca²⁺、K⁺、H⁺流速的影响.结果表明：（1）经荧蒽及苯并（b）荧蒽胁迫处理后,平邑甜茶幼苗根毛细胞Ca²⁺平均流速由对照的（-63.53±9.30）pmol/（cm²×s）分别增加到（+62.85±10.00）pmol/（cm²×s）、（91.33±19.72）pmol/（cm²×s）;K⁺流速平均值由基础流速（-60.56±14.56）pmol/（cm²×s）分别增至（+32.60±5.44）pmol/（cm²×s）、（+36.76±5.23）pmol/（cm²×s）;H⁺平均流速由对照的（+44.38±5.19）pmol/（cm²×s）分别降低至（-0.72±0.055）pmol/（cm²×s）、（-6.34±0.79）pmol/（cm²×s）.经荧蒽及苯并（b）荧蒽处理,根毛细胞表面Ca²⁺、K⁺、H⁺流动性发生明显逆转.Ca²⁺、K⁺表现为外排趋势,且外排量逐渐降低,最终趋于稳定;H⁺表现较稳定的内吸趋势.（2）苯并（b）荧蒽胁迫对平邑甜茶幼苗根毛细胞离子流动性造成的毒性效应高于荧蒽.说明PAHs胁迫会破坏植物根毛细胞离子流动性,影响植物正常生长,为深入研究植物受PAHs胁迫所产生的响应提供理论依据.     

深部低渗透强突出煤层群首采下保护层确定和效果考察

软岩保护层在深部低渗透强突出煤层群首采保护层选择中具有潜在的应用前景。在阐述下保护层开采覆岩移动与采场裂隙演化及瓦斯运移关系的基础上,以芦岭矿为工程背景,通过FLAC3D数值试验,研究软岩保护层开采后的卸压效果,并和不同层位的薄煤层开采卸压效果对比分析。结果表明,在采厚相同的情况下,开采10煤保护层相对于软岩保护层,卸压程度弱,保护范围小,保护效果差。软岩保护层开采后,被保护层处于弯曲下沉带的下限范围。受采动影响,有大量的离层裂隙生成。考察期范围内上覆被保护层(8、9煤层)瓦斯抽采率达62.9%,表明软岩保护层开采能够对上覆被保护层(8、9煤层)起到显著的卸压效果。研究结果可为其他矿区保护层开采选择提供参考,丰富国内保护层开采实践。     

基于协同反硝化脱氮的光伏废水处理

以光伏废水为研究对象,利用启动成功的协同反硝化反应器,在进水F-浓度为800mg/L,NO₃^--N为350mg/L的条件下,控制进水C/N为0.7左右,实现反硝化过程无需酸碱调控,TN去除率为90%以上,TN去除速率为2.0~2.5kg/（m³·d）.除氟试验表明,通过投加CaO初步除氟能将F-浓度降低至800mg/L,同时将pH提升至7.68,满足协同反硝化的pH范围（7.5~8.5）要求;二次除氟能有效降低废水中残余的F-及协同反硝化生成的SO₄^2-.针对多数含F-浓度超过800mg/L的光伏废水,可采用先初步除氟、协同反硝化脱氮,最终二次除氟、除硫酸盐的工艺路线.相比于完全异养反硝化脱氮处理光伏废水,采用协同反硝化可节约脱氮成本0.82元/t.     

邻苯二甲酸酯降解细菌的多样性、降解机理及环境应用

邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)是一类对人体内分泌系统有干扰作用的持续性有机污染物(persistent organic pol utants,POPs)。PAEs在环境介质如水体、底泥和土壤中长期赋存会对生物体产生毒害效应,其分布广、浓度高和难降解等特点是限制有效环境治理的主要因素。作为环境的重要组成部分,微生物对污染物有很强的适应能力和高效的降解能力,这为PAEs的生物修复提供了可能。与物理化学修复法相比,微生物修复技术具有可控性强、修复面广和灵活性高等优势。本文综述了已报道的大部分PAEs降解细菌的种类及其代谢机制,并分析了其在PAEs污染水体和土壤修复中的应用现状与前景,以期为PAEs环境行为与生物修复研究提供参考。     

Chemical poison and regeneration of SCR catalysts for NOx removal from stationary sources

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃ is an effective technique to remove NO_x from stationary sources, such as coal-fired power plant and industrial boilers. Some of elements in the fly ash deactivate the catalyst due to strong chemisorptions on the active sites. The poisons may act by simply blocking active sites or alter the adsorption behaviors of reactants and products by an electronic interaction. This review is mainly focused on the chemical poisoning on V₂O₅-based catalysts, environmental-benign catalysts and low temperature catalysts. Several common poisons including alkali/alkaline earth metals, SO₂ and heavy metals etc. are referred and their poisoning mechanisms on catalysts are discussed. The regeneration methods of poisoned catalysts and the development of poison-resistance catalysts are also compared and analyzed. Finally, future research directions in developing poisoning resistance catalysts and facile efficient regeneration methods for SCR catalysts are proposed.     

底泥扰动下藻类对不同形态磷在水体中分布的影响

研究了反复扰动与藻类共存条件下,水体中溶解性磷、颗粒态磷、生物有效磷的分布规律,并分析了颗粒物质物理化学吸附与藻类生物利用对水体中磷消失的贡献率.结果表明,扰动抑制了水体中藻类生长,叶绿素a增加量仅为3.53μg/L(初始30μg/L)和4.80μg/L(初始120μg/L),而无扰动下该值分别为21.36μg/L (初始30μg/L)和14.49μg/L (初始120μg/L).并且,溶解氧水平和pH值均低于无扰动状态.扰动导致水体中总磷和颗粒态磷显著增加,但溶解性总磷(DTP)和溶解性磷酸盐(DIP)均有所降低.对于DTP而言,扰动状态下,颗粒物质吸附占90%,而无扰动下,则降低至60%,相应地,藻类生物利用则增加至40%.无论扰动与否,BAP基本处于稳定状态,而BAPP占BAP的百分比则有所增加.扰动状态下BAPP占PP的百分比明显低于无扰动状态.这暗示了扰动对水体中磷迁移和转化的作用大于藻.