我国东南沿海地区织纹螺科的种类与毒性

为了解我国东南沿海地区织纹螺体内的毒素状况,利用生物法对采自我国东南沿海的织纹螺样品毒性进行了测定.实验结果和相关资料表明:织纹螺的毒性与其种类关系密切.光织纹螺(Nassarius rutilans)、正织纹螺(Zeuxis scalaris)和节织纹螺(Nassarius hepaticus)为有毒织纹螺;纵肋织纹螺(Nassarius variciferus)、习见织纹螺(Nassarius dealbatus)和胆形织纹螺(Nassariust hersites)为无毒织纹螺;方格织纹螺(Nassarius clathratus)、西格织纹螺(Nassarius siquinjorensis)、半褶织纹螺(Nassarius semiplicatus)、红带织纹螺(Nassarius succinctus)、疣织纹螺(Nassarius papillosus)、花织纹螺(Zeuxis castus)、素面织纹螺(Nassarius sufflayus)和橡子织纹螺(Nassarius glans)毒性不明,可能为季节性有毒织纹螺.多种织纹螺的毒性变化规律目前尚不清楚,人们应尽量避免食用织纹螺.     

Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors

• Economics of food waste treatment projects at 29 pilot cities in China was examined. • Roles of location, population size, processing technique, and income were studied. • Economic benefits were limited with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. • Service population size affects construction economics significantly (P = 0.016). • Choice of food waste processing technique affects operating economics notably. This study examines the economic benefits of food waste treatment projects in China and factors affecting them. National-level pilot projects for food waste treatment located in 29 cities were selected as samples. The economics of food waste recycling from the investors’ perspective, in terms of investment during the construction phase and cost and benefit during the operation phase, was assessed. Results indicate that the average tonnage investment of food waste treatment projects was RMB 700.0±188.9 thousand yuan, with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. This ratio increased to 0.95±0.57 following the application of government subsidies. It highlights the limited economic benefits of food waste treatment facilities, which rely on government subsidies to maintain their operations in China. Further analysis using a multi-factor analysis model revealed that regional location, service population size, processing techniques, and urban income exerted varying impacts on the economy of food waste treatment. Population size exerted the highest impact (P = 0.016) during the construction stage, and processing techniques notably influenced the project economy during the operation stage. The study highlights the need to prioritize service population size and processing techniques during economic decision-making and management of food waste recycling projects. The results of this study can serve as a valuable practical reference for guiding future policies regarding food waste treatment and related planning.     

公民环境信访行为影响因素的实证分析——基于规范激活理论

环境信访是中国公民环境利益表达的重要途径,也是其参与环境治理的重要通道,引导公民有序进行环境信访对于加强生态文明建设、深化环境治理、维护社会稳定具有重要意义。本研究从环境信访的参与主体——公民入手,基于社会心理学中规范激活理论的连续模型,构建了公民环境信访影响因素的理论模型,并运用AMOS 20.0对S市9个行政区500位市民的问卷调研结果进行实证分析,探究公民环境信访行为的社会心理影响因素。研究结果表明:规范激活理论的连续模型能够较好地解释中国公民的环境信访行为,其中环境信访结果认知正向影响环境信访责任归属,公民的个体规范需要通过责任归属得以激活,从而影响公民环境信访行为意向。因此,政府可以通过环保知识的宣传教育和完善环境信访相关法律法规来提升公民环保意识和环境信访责任归属感,同时可以通过环保政策法规的宣传、畅通环境信访渠道以及对公民环境信访行为的有效处理来促进公民对环境信访行为积极意义的认知,从而推动公民有序进行环境信访。     

脱硫石膏综合利用的现状与展望

介绍了国内外脱硫石膏在农业、水泥行业、建材行业和其他方面的综合利用情况,以及脱硫石膏分解技术的研究现状,探讨了分解温度、反应气氛和催化成分等因素对脱硫石膏分解效果的影响,展望了脱硫石膏的应用前景。指出:寻找脱硫石膏综合利用的新途径、找出适合脱硫石膏还原分解的气氛及其分解规律、探索有利于脱硫石膏还原分解的条件,是我国脱硫石膏实现循环利用的必经之路。     

湖州大钱港(溇港)河流生态缓冲带的划定与构建

河流生态缓冲带(后称"缓冲带")对改善河流水环境、控制面源污染和水土流失等具有重要作用。如何确定缓冲带的宽度并对其进行合理构建,已成为学者与管理部门关注的热点之一。以浙江省湖州市平原河网型河流大钱港(溇港)为例,基于VFSMOD模型计算和地形坡度、水体流向、土地利用状况、降水条件、土壤类型等现状条件,确定了农田型河段、村落型河段、林草型河段的缓冲带宽度;针对城镇型河段,结合城市河道蓝线,确定了缓冲带的宽度。结果表明,大钱港干流左右岸缓冲带长度共约16.1 km,面积共约0.408 km²;同时,采用GIS对数据进行处理,并实现了缓冲带的可视化表达。结合农业农村面源污染负荷空间分析,筛选出高污染入河负荷区中的唐家浒自然村汊港段,并提出了缓冲带修复方案,以期为其他缓冲带划定与构建提供参考。     

用自旋标记方法研究环境诱变剂对健康人红细胞膜动态性质的影响

健康人的完整血红细胞膜用脂肪酸自旋标记物Ⅰ(12,3)和Ⅰ(1,14)标记,测得其ESR波谱·氟化钠、重铬酸钾、丝裂霉素C和秋水仙素等环境诱变剂较显著地改变膜的序参数S和旋转相关时间,尤在膜表层,S和明显增大。温度曲线表明,人血的完整红细胞膜的相变点在膜表层和深层分别是38℃和40.0℃。在诱变剂作用下,膜类酯的动力学性质有明显变化。     

城郊菜园土污染状况调查与评价

南京市郊菜园土中Ａｓ、Ｈｇ、Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ四种元素的含量呈逐年上升趋势。除Ａｓ外，其余３种元素的含量均为土壤背景值的２￣３倍。综合评价表明，供试土样中约５０％以上的样点不再适宜种植蔬菜作物而只宜作林业用地或城建、道路及工矿用地。     

Mercury concentration in hair samples from Chinese people in coastal cities

This investigation was made to estimate current normal concentrations of total mercury in the hair of Chinese coastal people. Hair samples were collected from 659 healthy inhabitants in the areas along the coast and the rivers (such as Shanghai, Ningbo, Dalian, Xiamen, and Zhoushan) of China from Feb. 2005 to June 2006. Total mercury concentrations in the samples were analyzed by the cold vapor atomic adsorption spectrometry method (CVAAS). The results showed the geometric mean concentration of total mercur...     

天津污灌区菜地土壤团聚体中有机碳和重金属含量特征

以天津某污灌菜地土壤为研究对象,分析干筛法所得不同粒径土壤团聚体颗粒中有机碳及重金属含量特征.结果表明,土壤团聚体粗大颗粒(2 mm)含量最大,约为70%.0.25～0.5 mm粒级团聚体中Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量最高,Cr含量在5～8 mm粒径团聚体中最高,As在不同颗粒中含量差异较小,不同重金属元素含量随土层深度增加而减小.污灌土壤中重金属富集因子表现为Cd Pb Zn Cu Cr As,在0.25～0.5 mm粒级团聚体颗粒中Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb分布因子最高,而5～8 mm粒径团聚体中重金属负载因子最大.土壤有机碳含量整体上随团聚体粒径增加表现为先增加后降低,不同粒径团聚体中Cu、Cd、Pb和As含量与有机碳含量呈显著正相关(p0.05).     

陕西关中地区水环境承载力研究

从水环境、人口、经济发展之间的关系入手，分析探讨水环境承载力的内涵，并在此基础上，建立了研究区域水环境载力的大系统分解协调模型，将模型应用于关中地区，得到不同方案下关中地区水环境承载力及提高关中水环境承载力最优策略。