十三种农村水资源保护措施适宜性评价

依据“源头—过程—末端”防控体系对13种常见的农村水资源保护措施进行分类,在此基础上,建立AHP评价模型,根据影响水资源保护措施适宜性的13个指标对各项措施进行适宜性评价.结果表明:污染物去除率、出水水质、建设成本及运行维护这4个因素具有较高权重值,应在实际运用中优先考虑.源头控制措施中保护性耕作与“一池三改”技术可以作为首选措施;在过程控制措施中,土地处理技术措施具有较好的适宜性;在选取末端处理措施的时候,必须优先考虑温度及建设成本的影响.     

Particulate matter modeling in the Los Angeles basin using SAQM-AERO

The SARMAP air quality model, enhanced with aerosol modeling capability, and its associated components were developed to understand causes of ozone (O3) and particulate matter exceedances in the San Joaquin Valley of California. In order for this modeling system to gain increasing acceptance and use in guiding air quality management, it is important to assess how transportable this modeling system is across geographic domains. We describe the first application of the modeling system outside the "home" domain for which it was developed and evaluated. We have chosen the August 27-28, 1987, intensive monitoring period of the Southern California Air Quality Study to evaluate the performance of the modeling system and to assess its sensitivity to emission control options. The predicted surface concentrations of O3 and other gas-phase species were spatially and temporally correlated with measured data. The fractional normalized absolute error was 0.32 to 0.36 for O3, and somewhat larger for other species. The fractional normalized bias for O3 on August 27 and 28, 1987, was 0.02 to 0.04. The simulated PM2.5 mass and constituent species concentrations reproduced the magnitude and variability of the observed daytime concentrations at most locations; however, nighttime PM2.5 concentrations were overpredicted by the model. The model's response to emission control options was consistent with other models of the same genre.     

普通话与口才训练教学中应加强人文素质教育

经济社会的飞速发展并没有带来人文精神的匹配升华,新生代大学生无法和社会历史融合最重要的原因就是人文素质教育的缺乏。应使普通话与口才训练成为大学生人文素质教育的有效载体和实践途径,输送给学生口语交际知识和人文素质的双重养分。     

朋辈教育在高校思想政治工作中的应用实践

朋辈群体是影响大学生思想形成和发展的重要因素。在大学生思想政治工作中构建朋辈教育体系,通过设立班主任导生、政治导生、心理辅导员等形式,依靠朋辈群体开展学生思想政治教育工作,是做好学生教育和管理工作的一个独特而有效的切入点。     

Analysis of organic nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater by reverse osmosis

The results of a pilot study that was conducted to determine the total nitrogen removal by the reverse osmosis process are presented. The organic nitrogen removal rates are compared with removals observed from three full-scale reverse osmosis facilities and four pilot studies. The results of this analysis suggest that organic nitrogen removal is variable and that reverse osmosis may not consistently produce total nitrogen levels less than 1.0 mg/L without additional treatment. Three hypotheses to explain the variability in organic nitrogen removal in the different data sets are presented.     

硅酸钙微粉吸附预处理焦化废水中COD和NH3-N的实验研究

首次将固体废弃物硅酸钙微粉用于焦化废水的预处理,通过静态和动态吸附实验评价了硅酸钙微粉对COD和NH3-N的去除效果。结果表明:对COD和NH3-N产生吸附作用的有效组分为硅酸钙微粉的水解产物H2SiO3电离产生的HSiO3-和SiO23-;pH通过影响硅酸钙微粉水解反应以及水解产物H2SiO3和有机物、NH3的电离反应来影响去除率。在进水pH=7.00、硅酸钙微粉投加量为170g/L、振荡时间为75min的条件下,静态吸附实验中COD和NH3-N的去除率分别达16.1%和27.1%;经直径为10mm、高度为300mm的硅酸钙吸附柱预处理,动态吸附实验中COD和NH3-N的去除率分别可达58.9%和35.9%。     

The Sensitivity of PM25 Source-Receptor Relationships to Atmospheric Chemistry and Transport in a Three-Dimensional Air Quality Model

ABSTRACT

Air quality model simulations constitute an effective approach to developing source-receptor relationships (so-called transfer coefficients in the risk analysis framework) because a significant fraction of particulate matter (particularly PM_2.5) is secondary (i.e., formed in the atmosphere) and, therefore, depends on the atmospheric chemistry of the airshed. In this study, we have used a comprehensive three-dimensional air quality model for PM_{2 5} (SAQM-AERO) to compare three approaches to generating episodic transfer coefficients for several source regions in the Los Angeles Basin. First, transfer coefficients were developed by conducting PM_2.5 SAQM-AERO simulations with reduced emissions of one of four precursors (i.e., primary PM, sulfur dioxide (SO₂), oxides of nitrogen (NO_x), and volatile organic compounds) from each source region. Next, we calculated transfer coefficients using two other methods: (1) a simplified chemistry for PM_2.5 formation, and (2) simplifying assumptions on transport using information limited to basin-wide emission reductions. Transfer coefficients obtained with the simplified chemistry were similar to those obtained with the comprehensive model for VOC emission changes but differed for NO and SO emission changes. The differences were due to the parameterization of the rates of secondary PM formation in the simplified chemistry. In 90% of the cases, transfer coefficients estimated using only basin-wide information were within a factor of two of those obtained with the explicit source-receptor simulations conducted with the comprehensive model. The best agreement was obtained for VOC emission changes; poor agreement was obtained for primary PM_2.5.     

Evaluating impact level of different factors in environmental impact assessment for incinerator plants using GM (1, N) model

In this study, the impact levels in environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports of 10 incinerator plants were quantified and discussed. The relationship between the quantified impact levels and the plant scale factors of BeiTou, LiZe, BaLi, LuTsao, RenWu, PingTung, SiJhou and HsinChu were constructed, and the impact levels of the GangShan (GS) and YongKong (YK) plants were predicted using grey model GM (1, N). Finally, the effects of plant scale factors on impact levels were evaluated using grey model GM (1, N) too. According to the predicted results of GM, the relative errors of topography/geology/soil, air quality, hydrology/water quality, solid waste, noise, terrestrial fauna/flora, aquatic fauna/flora and traffic in the GS plant were 17%, 14%, 15%, 17%, 75%, 16%, 13%, and 37%, respectively. The relative errors of the same environmental items in the YK plant were 1%, 18%, 10%, 40%, 37%, 3%, 25% and 33%, respectively. According to GM (1, N), design capacity (DC) and heat value (HV) were the plant scale factors that affected the impact levels significantly in each environmental item, and thus were the most significant plant scale factors. GM (1, N) was effective in predicting the environmental impact and analyzing the reasonableness of the impact. If there is an EIA for a new incinerator plant to be reviewed in the future, the official committee of the Taiwan EPA could review the reasonableness of impact levels in EIA reports quickly.     

UV/Fe2+/过硫酸盐降解噻虫啉的响应曲面法优化研究

构建了紫外-亚铁联合活化过硫酸盐的体系用于高效降解噻虫啉（Tiacloprid,THIA）,以Fe²⁺浓度、过硫酸盐（Persulfate,PS）浓度、pH值、紫外功率为因变量,THIA去除率为响应值,通过中心复合设计法（Central Composite Design,CCD）建立因素和响应值之间的数学模型.模型拟合结果显示,当Fe²⁺浓度为0.318mmol/L,PS浓度为0.544mmol/L,pH值为3.054和紫外功率为58.133W时,模型预测THIA降解率最高为100%.验证实验结果（98.4%）与预测值基本一致,证明了响应曲面法用于优化紫外-亚铁联合活化过硫酸盐体系降解THIA的可行性.     

职业指导贯穿高校人才培养工作全过程的研究

职业是经济社会分层的表征,职业指导随着经济社会和职业的发展应运而生。从就业形势、社会对高校人才培养的要求及大学毕业生职业核心竞争力缺失等方面对高校就业工作现状进行了分析,提出将职业指导融入人才培养机制、目标、方法和内容等各个层面,实现大学生有序就业,完成高校办学与社会需求之间的有效对接。