Cytotoxic and proinflammatory response of RAW 264.7 cells to differentially fractionated fungal fragments

Although significant research has been carried out for studying the impacts of pure mycotoxins on human cell, little information is known about the direct effects of fungal submicron particles. In this report, murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to fungal extracts from Stachybotrys chartarum RTI 5802 and Aspergillus versicolor RTI 3843 as well as mixtures from both fungi with fragment sizes ranging from 0.25 to 1?µm. Cell viability was found to be unaffected by all extracts except fragments in the 0.5–1?µm size range from A. versicolor RTI 3843, which decreased cell viability by approximately 60%. IL-1β expression was generally upregulated following exposure to fungal extracts from either S. chartarum RTI 5802 or A. versicolor RTI 3843. However, when extracts from the mixture of both fungi were introduced, IL-1β expression was downregulated. IL-6 and IL-10 expression were also generally upregulated. In comparison to the findings in the literature about the effects of pure mycotoxins on RAW 264.7 cells, the results presented herein show different patterns on mRNA expression which may be a result of the complex composition of the extract in terms of both mycotoxins and other fungal materials in addition to the potential interplay of the different components.     

The role of black carbon as a catalyst for environmental redox transformation

Black carbon (BC) is an important class of geosorbents that control the fate and transport of organic pollutants in soil and sediment. We previously demonstrated a new role of BC as an electron transfer mediator in the abiotic reduction of nitroaromatic and nitramine compounds by Oh and Chiu (Environ Sci Technol 43:6983-6988, 2009). We proposed that BC can catalyze the reduction of nitro compounds because it contains microscopic graphitic (graphene) domains, which facilitate both sorption and electron transfer. In this study, we assessed the ability of different types of BC--graphite, activated carbon, and diesel soot--to mediate the reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP) by H(2)S. All three types of BC enhanced DNT and DBP reduction. H(2)S supported BC-mediated reduction, as was observed previously with a thiol reductant. The results suggest that BC may influence the fate of organic pollutants in reducing subsurface environments through redox transformation in addition to sorption.     

氧化改性对活性炭吸附二苯并噻吩的影响

采用硝酸作为氧化剂,对树脂基球形活性炭(RCS)表面进行氧化改性,分别考察了氧化时间、氧化温度及硝酸浓度对改性RCS吸附脱除油品中二苯并噻吩(DBT)的性能影响.通过N2吸附、Boehm滴定和热重分析等手段对改性前后的RCS进行表征.实验结果表明:较为经济有效的改性工艺条件为硝酸浓度10 mol/L,氧化温度60℃,氧化时间3h;改性RCS的比表面积和总孔体积都有所下降;硝酸改性后,RCS的表面酸性基团含量由0.83 mmol/g提高至3.85 mmol/g;改性前后RCS吸附DBT的等温线可较好地用Freundlich方程进行拟合.     

生物技术处理废(污)水的应用现状及整改措施

长庆石油勘探局生物技术处理废（污）水的工艺中存在着如下问题：活性污泥法处理水的水质不稳定;接触氧化法缓冲池较小,氧化塘法处理污水效率低,出水水质达不到要求。为解决上述问题,提出各项整改措施。经过整改后,装置运行率、处理达标率都会有很大提高。     

论如何提高高职学生学习英语的能力

英语在快速发展的国际社会中变得越来越重要，但是我国高职院校的学生普遍对英语学习缺乏兴趣。充分利用教材进行学法指导，培养学生学习英语的兴趣，养成学生制定计划、课前自学、专心上课、勤记笔记、及时复习、反复练习的良好学习习惯，引导学生学好英语成为英语老师当前的紧迫任务，使学生掌握实际用语和提高学生的口语是我们的教学目标。     

类芬顿试剂液相氧化法脱硝的实验研究

以类芬顿试剂(H2O2/Fe3+/UV)液相氧化法脱硝,探讨了液相催化和类芬顿脱硝反应的机理及其关系.研究了H2O2浓度、[H2O2]/[Fe3+]、初始pH值、气体流量、紫外光和H2O2投加方式对NO去除率的影响.结果表明,脱硝效率随H2O2浓度增加而升高;H2O2浓度一定时,Fe3+浓度的增加有利于NO的脱除,[H2O2]/[Fe3+]=6时,脱硝效率最高;当初始pH值3时,pH值升高,脱硝效率下降,初始pH值为3时脱硝效果最好;NO去除率随气体流量的增加而下降;紫外光的照射能提高脱硝效率;分3次等量投加H2O2可以使脱硝效率维持在80%左右.     

官厅水库沉积物中大量元素的历史分布特征

以官厅水库沉积物为研究对象,建立年代序列,解析有机质及TOC、TN、TS的含量和沉积通量的年变化,探明官厅水库大量元素的历史沉积特征.结果表明:采用210Pb和137Cs测定官厅水库线性沉积速率分别为0.33 cm·a-1和0.32 cm·a-1,累积质量沉积速率从1954年水库建成后缓慢递增到1980年左右的0.156 g·cm-2·a-1,之后递减至当前的0.090 g·cm-2·a-1.沉积物中有机质含量为36.8~100.7 g·kg-1,在水库南部库区略高;有机质沉积通量在时间尺度上随年代呈先增加后减少,与沉积物沉积速率年变化趋势相似.沉积物中TOC含量为1.18%~7.83%,TN含量为0.04%~0.73%,TS含量为0.07%~0.50%.TOC和TN的沉积通量在20世纪90年代左右出现峰值,而TS沉积通量呈逐渐下降趋势.总体而言,官厅水库沉积物中C、N、S等大量元素呈连续分布,其沉积通量主要受沉积速率影响,颗粒物沉积过程可能在污染物迁移转化中扮演重要角色.     

ACF负载复合金属氧化物催化还原NO的研究

为了研究活性碳纤维（ACF）负载复合金属氧化物催化还原NO的效果,采用浸渍法制备了系列负载氧化铈和氧化铜的ACF,在微型反应器中进行程序升温反应,通过正交试验,确定催化反应的最佳条件,考察了反应温度和复合金属氧化物的不同含量对催化活性的影响,并与ACF负载单金属氧化物作了比较,同时对催化剂进行了扫描电镜和傅里叶红外光谱分析实验。实验结果表明,在氨氮比是1.1∶1,氧气体积比为5%,体积流速为4 000 h^-1的条件下,负载复合金属氧化物的ACF低温活性相差很大,随着温度的升高,催化效率持续提高。当氧化铈与氧化铜的含量分别为10%和30%,在120～300℃区域内去除率维持80%以上,是低温催化中理想的催化剂。     

壳聚糖衍生物的合成及其絮凝性能的研究

对从虾蟹壳中制备的壳聚糖进行改性,分别制得壳聚糖衍生物——壳聚糖季铵盐和羧甲基壳聚糖,用于味精废水的絮凝实验。实验结果表明,壳聚糖、壳聚糖季铵盐和羧甲基壳聚糖作为絮凝剂处理味精废水均有较好的效果,以壳聚糖季铵盐的效果最好,其pH值适用范围宽、絮体沉降快,是一种具有良好反应活性的高分子絮凝剂。     

用于风力发电的测风系统对比研究

介绍了机械式测风传感器与超声波测风传感器的工作原理,比较了它们的特点,及对风力发电的影响。分别对装有2类测风传感器的风力发电机组进行了运行分析,得出2类测风传感器对应的机组功率曲线增长率。试验结果表明:超声波测风传感器进行风速、风向测量更有利于提高风力发电机组的利用率与稳定性。