Investigation on the eco-toxicity of lake sediments with the addition of drinking water treatment residuals

Drinking water treatment residuals(WTRs) have a potential to realize eutrophication control objectives by reducing the internal phosphorus(P) load of lake sediments. Information regarding the ecological risk of dewatered WTR reuse in aquatic environments is generally lacking, however. In this study, we analyzed the eco-toxicity of leachates from sediments with or without dewatered WTRs toward algae Chlorella vulgaris via algal growth inhibition testing with algal cell density, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde content, antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity, and subcellular structure indices. The results suggested that leachates from sediments unanimously inhibited algal growth, with or without the addition of different WTR doses(10% or 50% of the sediment in dry weight) at different p H values(8–9), as well as from sediments treated for different durations(10 or 180 days). The inhibition was primarily the result of P deficiency in the leachates owing to WTR P adsorption, however, our results suggest that the dewatered WTRs were considered as a favorable potential material for internal P loading control in lake restoration projects, as it shows acceptably low risk toward aquatic plants.     

La_(0.8)Ce_(0.2)CoO_3/Al_2O_3对油烟的催化净化

将稀土金属La、Ce和过渡金属Co按照一定的比例采用浸渍法负载在γ-Al2O3载体上制备成La0.8Ce0.2CoO3/Al2O3催化剂,用X-射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对催化剂负载层的表面形态、晶相结构和粒径大小进行了表征,并用正交实验法考察了其对油烟的催化净化效果。结果表明,当负载量30%、焙烧温度800℃、催化温度300℃、烟气流量10L/min时催化剂对油烟的净化效果最佳,净化效果可达88%,催化剂对油烟的催化具有较好的低温高活性。     

水质氨氮AQC实验的探讨

环境监测质量保证包括环境监测全过程的质量管理和措施,实验室质量控制是环境监测质量保证的重要组成部分。质量控制的目的是将分析误差控制在容许限度内,以保证数据（检验结果）在给定的置信水平内达到要求的质量。实验室质量控制包括实验室内的质量控制（内部质量控制）和实验室间的质量控制（外部质量控制）。精密度偏性实验（AQC实验）是对一组样品的连续多日测试,将所得测试结果进行统计分析,检查试验是否存在影响测试结果的偏性,其目的是确定实验室测试结果的精密度和准确度,是环境监测实验员培训工具之一。     

清洁生产审核在淀粉企业的应用

清洁生产是企业可持续发展的必由之路,清洁生产审核是企业实现清洁生产最成熟最有效的手段。在对某淀粉企业进行清洁生产审核中,针对行业特点,结合企业自身情况,提出并实施无／低费方案20项,中／高费方案5项。取得了良好的效益,在改善厂区环境的同时,每年可节水64500吨,节电约31万度,减少废水排放48000吨。该企业初步实现了在提高企业自身资源回收利用能力的同时,达到经济、环境和社会效益的统一,为淀粉企业今后的清洁生产审核积累了经验。     

2006-2020年地铁安全管理可视化分析

为系统了解地铁安全管理领域研究现状并推动该领域的深入研究,借助CiteSpace(5.7.R2)软件,以2006-2020年Web of Science数据库中收录的205篇相关文献为研究对象,进行发文量、国家和机构、作者、关键词和关键词聚类文献计量分析.结果表明:该领域发文数量整体呈现上升趋势;研究国家主要集中于中国、美国及波兰,主要研究机构为华中科技大学、马里兰大学及北京交通大学;Ding LY和Zhang LM在该领域较有影响力,作者之间的合作以小范围团队合作为主;研究内容主要倾向于利用模型建立和仿真模拟的方法预测可能造成的事故,进行风险识别、分析以及评估等;人为因素研究将会成为该领域未来研究发展的趋势之一.     

Design of nanofibre interlayer supported forward osmosis composite membranes and its evaluation in fouling study with cleaning

• A fine fibre (40–60 nm diameter) interlayer (~1 µm thickness) was electrospun. • Fine fibre interlayer promoted formation of defect-free dense polyamide layer. • FO membrane with dual-layer substrate had less organic fouling potential. • High reverse salt flux accelerated organic fouling on FO membrane. Nanofibre-supported forward osmosis (FO) membranes have gained popularity owing to their low structural parameters and high water flux. However, the nanofibrous membranes are less stable in long-term use, and their fouling behaviours with foulants in both feed solution (FS) and draw solution (DS) is less studied. This study developed a nanofibrous thin-film composite (TFC) FO membrane by designing a tiered dual-layer nanofibrous substrate to enhance membrane stability during long-term usage and cleaning. Various characterisation methods were used to study the effect of the electrospun nanofibre interlayer and drying time, which is the interval after removing the M-phenylenediamine (MPD) solution and before reacting with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) solution, on the intrinsic separation FO performance. The separation performance of the dual-layer nanofibrous FO membranes was examined using model foulants (sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin) in both the FS and DS. The dual-layer nanofibrous substrate was superior to the single-layer nanofibrous substrate and showed a flux of 30.2 L/m²/h (LMH) when using 1.5 mol/L NaCl against deionised (DI) water in the active layer facing draw solution (AL-DS) mode. In the fouling test, the water flux was effectively improved without sacrificing the water/solute selectivity under the condition that foulants existed in both the FS and DS. In addition, the dual-layer nanofibrous TFC FO membrane was more robust during the fouling test and cleaning.     

Unusual thermal properties of graphene origami crease:A molecular dynamics study

Graphene is a two-dimensional material that can be folded into diverse and yet interesting nanostructures like macro-scale paper origami. Folding of graphene not only makes different morphological configurations but also modifies their mechanical and thermal properties. Inspired by paper origami, herein we studied systemically the effects of creases, where sp2 to sp3 bond transformation occurs, on the thermal properties of graphene origami using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our MD simulation results show that tensile strain reduces (not increases) the interfacial thermal resistance owing to the presence of the crease. This unusual phenomenon is explained by the micro-heat flux migration and stress distribution. Our findings on the graphene origami enable the design of the next-generation thermal management devices and flexible electronics with tuneable properties.     

哈得油田污水循环利用技术的研究应用

针对哈得油田生产过程中存在的注水水量不够和蒸发池负荷过大的问题,哈得油田对蒸发池污水循环利用技术开展了论证和实践。通过对清洁生产技术的应用,哈得油田将外排污水回收循环利用,减少了清水用量,实现了哈得油田作业区污水零排放,为同行业开展污水循环利用提供参考和借鉴。     

浅析污泥膨胀的特性与控制对策

从丝状菌和絮凝菌的生长特性方面对活性污泥膨胀的特性及影响因素进行了分析研究,详细论述和分析了各种活性污泥膨胀控制措施。     

活化粉煤灰的结构和组成研究

用化学分析、x光电子能谱、波谱、热谱和扫描电子显微镜等多种方法综合研究粉煤灰的体相和表面相的化学组成、颗粒形貌、表面价态、键型和表面相变过程等结构特征。发现粉煤灰的内部组成与表面组成明显不同;颗粒以微珠为主;粒度分布接近高斯分布;表面有Si－O－Si键,而无羟基;粉煤灰加热时有吸热和放热过程发生,并伴有失重现象。这些为粉煤灰的表面改性和综合利用提供了科学依据。