全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5741篇 |
免费 | 672篇 |
国内免费 | 2116篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 655篇 |
废物处理 | 254篇 |
环保管理 | 491篇 |
综合类 | 3939篇 |
基础理论 | 921篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 1216篇 |
评价与监测 | 365篇 |
社会与环境 | 370篇 |
灾害及防治 | 316篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 34篇 |
2023年 | 153篇 |
2022年 | 389篇 |
2021年 | 366篇 |
2020年 | 389篇 |
2019年 | 269篇 |
2018年 | 301篇 |
2017年 | 325篇 |
2016年 | 293篇 |
2015年 | 359篇 |
2014年 | 445篇 |
2013年 | 564篇 |
2012年 | 523篇 |
2011年 | 533篇 |
2010年 | 413篇 |
2009年 | 393篇 |
2008年 | 438篇 |
2007年 | 363篇 |
2006年 | 315篇 |
2005年 | 255篇 |
2004年 | 195篇 |
2003年 | 195篇 |
2002年 | 173篇 |
2001年 | 122篇 |
2000年 | 157篇 |
1999年 | 109篇 |
1998年 | 89篇 |
1997年 | 73篇 |
1996年 | 72篇 |
1995年 | 59篇 |
1994年 | 28篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 42篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 14篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有8529条查询结果,搜索用时 245 毫秒
681.
国土空间生态修复是实现生态系统服务可持续供给的重要保障,明确其空间分区是开展生态修复的前提条件。针对现有生态修复分区方法的层级单一、结果针对性欠佳等问题,以典型喀斯特地区贵州猫跳河流域为研究区,构建“自然立地条件—主导生态功能—生态胁迫问题”生态修复分区框架。选取海拔、坡度、地形起伏度、植被类型等自然立地条件指标分析流域内地域分异规律,进而划定生态修复一级分区;基于水源涵养、土壤保持、生物多样性维护、粮食供给等主要生态系统服务功能评价结果识别区域主导生态功能,据此划定生态修复二级分区;结合石漠化敏感性、水土流失敏感性及生态退化度等关键生态胁迫问题指标构建生态修复分区指数识别生态修复重点区域,进而开展生态修复三级分区划分。最终,将猫跳河流域划分为3个生态修复一级分区、10个生态修复二级分区及30个生态修复三级分区,并提出了相应的生态修复策略。研究可为猫跳河流域生态修复实践提供参考,并为西南喀斯特地区生态修复分区提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
682.
针对传统植被资源调查方法工作量大、成本高、效率低的问题,利用高分辨率无人机遥感影像,联合地物光谱-纹理-空间信息,构建了一种适用于描述城市不同植被种类的多维特征空间,在此基础上对三种应用广泛的分类算法(基于像素的、面向对象的支持向量机及深度学习Mobile-Unet语义分割模型)开展了对比分析研究.结果表明:本文提出的联合地物光谱-纹理-空间信息的特征空间构建方法能够有效地描述城市不同类型植被的特征差异,提升影像分割、植被分类的精度;在分类精度上,基于像素和面向对象的支持向量机分类结果的总体精度均超过90%,深度学习方法的总体分类精度为84%;在算法效率上,传统机器学习方法也优于深度学习方法.因此,得出结论针对城市小区域、小样本的植被精细分类,传统机器学习分类方法比深度学习方法效果更好. 相似文献
683.
研究4种典型民用煤燃烧排放PM2.5中的碳组分以及水溶性离子含量特点,并通过PAM-OFR(潜在气溶胶质量-氧化流动反应器)模拟了大气老化过程(2d)对煤球与烟煤燃烧PM2.5中碳组分与水溶性离子含量的变化影响。结果表明,烟煤燃放PM2.5中碳组分含量最高,达到57.96%,其EC含量是其他煤种的4.3~9.6倍。民用煤燃烧产生PM2.5中水溶性离子以Na+与SO42-为主,其在总水溶性离子中占比合计约47%~76%。经历了大气老化试验后,煤球与烟煤燃烧排放PM2.5中NH4+和NO3-离子含量大幅增加,与之相比,TC占PM2.5比例分别下降了12.03%与19.99%。 相似文献
684.
Zhi Dang Xinrui Hao Jie Tang Xiaoyun Yi Kun Gao Qian Yao Chunhua Feng Weilin Huang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,120(10):115-124
Vivianite is often found in reducing environments rich in iron and phosphorus from organic debris degradation or phosphorus mineral dissolution. The formation of vivianite is essential to the geochemical cycling of phosphorus and iron elements in natural environments. In this study, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were selected as the source of phosphorus. Microcosm experiments were conducted to test the evolution of mineralogy during the reduction of polyferric sulfate flocs (PFS) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (S. oneidensis MR-1) at EPS concentrations of 0, 0.03, and 0.3 g/L. Vivianite was found to be the secondary mineral in EPS treatment when there was no phosphate in the media. The EPS DNA served as the phosphorus source and DNA-supplied phosphate could induce the formation of vivianite. EPS impedes PFS aggregation, contains redox proteins and stores electron shuttle, and thus greatly promotes the formation of minerals and enhances the reduction of Fe(III). At EPS concentration of 0, 0.03, and 0.3 g/L, the produced HCl-extractable Fe(II) was 107.9, 111.0, and 115.2 mg/L, respectively. However, when the microcosms remained unstirred, vivianite can be formed without the addition of EPS. In unstirred systems, the EPS secreted by S. oneidensis MR-1 could agglomerate at some areas, resulting in the formation of vivianite in the proximity of microbial cells. It was found that vivianite can be generated biogenetically by S. oneidensis MR-1 strain and EPS may play a key role in iron reduction and concentrating phosphorus in the oligotrophic ecosystems where quiescent conditions prevail. 相似文献
685.
The association between the rhizospheric microbial community and Cd accumulation in rice is poorly understood. A field trial was conducted to investigate the different rhizobacterial communities of two rice cultivars with high Cd accumulation (HA) and low Cd accumulation (LA) at four growth stages. Results showed that the Cd content in the roots of the HA cultivar was 1.23 - 27.53 higher than that of the LA cultivar (0.08 - 10.5 µg/plant) at four stages. The LA cultivar had a significantly lower Cd availability in rhizosphere and a higher quantity of iron plaque (IP) on the root surface than the HA cultivar at four stages. This resulted in the reduction of Cd concentration in IPs and Cd translocation from IP-to-root. Microbial analysis indicated that the LA cultivar formed a distinct rhizobacterial community from the HA cultivar and had less α-diversity. The rhizosphere of the LA cultivar was enriched in specific bacterial taxa (e.g., Massilia and Bacillus) involved in Cd immobilization by phosphate precipitation and IP formation by iron oxidization. However, the rhizosphere in the HA cultivar assembled abundant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Sulfuricurvum) and iron reduction bacteria (Geobacter). They promoted Cd mobilization and reduced IP formation via the metal redox process. This study reveals a potential approach in which specific rhizobacteria decrease or increase Cd accumulation in rice on contaminated soil and provides a new perspective for secure rice production. 相似文献
686.
687.
Minghuo Wu Jie Du Zhijun An Yufeng Hu Xianliang Yi Hao Zhou Jingjing Zhan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(12):227-235
Sulfonamides (SAs) are one of the most widely used antibiotics and their residuals in the environment could cause some negative environmental issues. Advanced oxidation such as Fenton-like reaction has been widely applied in the treatment of SAs polluted water. Degradation rates of 95%-99.7% were achieved in this work for the tested 8 SAs, including sulfisomidine, sulfameter (SME), phthalylsulfathiazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfamonomethoxine, sulfisoxazole, sulfachloropyridazine, and sulfadimethoxine, in the Fe3O4/peroxodisulfate (PDS) oxidation system after the optimization of PDS concentration and pH. Meanwhile, it was found that a lot of unknown oxidation products were formed, which brought up the uncertainty of health risks to the environment, and the identification of these unknown products was critical. Therefore, SME was selected as the model compound, from which the oxidation products were never elucidated, to identify these intermediates/products. With liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), 10 new products were identified, in which 2-amino-5-methoxypyrimidine (AMP) was confirmed by its standard. The investigation of the oxidation process of SME indicated that most of the products were not stable and the degradation pathways were very complicated as multiple reactions, such as oxidation of the amino group, SO2 extrusion, and potential cross-reaction occurred simultaneously. Though most of the products were not verified due to the lack of standards, our results could be helpful in the evaluation of the treatment performance of SAs containing wastewater. 相似文献
688.
Recycling strongly acidic wastewater as diluted H2SO4 after contaminants contained being removed was previously proposed, however, Cl(-I), a kind of contaminant contained in strongly acidic wastewater, is difficult to remove, which severely degrades the quality of recycled H2SO4. In this study, the removal of Cl(-I) using PbO2 was investigated and the involved mechanisms were explored. The removal efficiency of Cl(-I) reached 93.38% at 50℃ when PbO2/Cl(-I) mole ratio reached 2:1. The identification of reaction products shows that Cl(-I) was oxidized to Cl2, and PbO2 was reduced to PbSO4. Cl2 was absorbed by NaOH to form NaClO, which was used for the regeneration of PbO2 from the generated PbSO4. Cl(-I) was removed through two pathways, i.e., surface oxidation and •OH radical oxidation. •OH generated by the reaction of PbO2 and OH− plays an important role in Cl(-I) removal. The regenerated PbO2 had excellent performance to remove Cl(-I) after six-time regeneration. This study provided an in-depth understanding on the effective removal of Cl(-I) by the oxidation method. 相似文献
689.
无居民海岛开发与保护是当前我国国土空间开发与海洋可持续发展的重要议題,开发适宜性评价关乎其开发保护格局的优化。本研究以福建平潭大屿岛为例,采用GIS空间分析技术和层次分析法评估海岛开发前(2014年)和开发后(2019年)的土地开发适宜性动态变化。结果表明,2019年现状开发区域占2014年土地适宜性评价中适宜开发区的43.8%,反映现有开发空间格局尚待优化;对比开发前后,适宜开发位置基本不变,但部分开发前的不适宜开发地区转为开发后的限制开发区,说明2019年以后开发潜力增大。研究结果可为大屿岛的空间用途管制以及我国类似无居民海岛的开发与保护提供借鉴。 相似文献
690.
收集整理1992年1月至2022年5月长江经济带地区长期定位施肥试验文献,提取并整合了其中农田土壤有机碳的资料.采用归一化处理和变化速率的分析方法,研究长期不同施肥措施下长江经济带地区农田土壤有机碳含量的总体变化,并比较3种耕作模式及不同土壤类型下土壤有机碳含量的变化差异,判断分析试验持续年限长短对土壤有机碳动态的影响.结果表明,在长期不同施肥措施下,我国长江经济带地区农田土壤有机碳含量整体呈上升趋势,无机氮肥磷肥配施(NP)、无机氮磷钾肥配施(NPK)、单独施用有机肥(O)和有机无机肥配施(NPKO)处理均能增加农田土壤的有机碳含量,其中以NPKO处理为最大,而单独施用无机氮肥(N)则会降低土壤有机碳含量.旱田、水田和水旱轮作农田土壤有机碳含量变化速率分别为0.22、 0.24和0.16g·(kg·a)-1,3种耕作模式在土壤固碳效果方面并无显著性差异.O和NPKO处理下所带来的有机碳相对快速增加效应在旱田土壤中的持续年限最高不超过28 a,而在水田及水旱轮作土壤中依然可以持续到28 a以上.在不同的土壤类型下,土壤有机碳含量的变化速率存在着一定的差异,平均有机... 相似文献