超声前处理强化活性炭吸附活性艳红X-3B染料废水

探究了超声前处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水强化活性炭吸附降解性能及不同超声参数的影响规律,包括超声功率和超声时间。研究结果表明,超声前处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水可通过空化效应使有机大分子裂解为小分子易于被活性炭吸附,同时可强化其到活性炭微孔中传输,提高了活性炭吸附降解性能,最佳超声功率为320 W。浓度越高,所需超声时间越长,当超声达到一定时间后,继续超声不会影响染料分子的吸附。超声前处理虽然不会改变吸附平衡时间,但可有效增加活性炭处理活性艳红X-3B染料废水的饱和吸附量。     

The research of market structures for remanufactured products

The rapid development of technology has made it easier to distribute products directly, and many enterprises excel at executing a multi-channel strategy to distribute products. The introduction of direct channel adds a new competition dimension to the enterprises. This paper considers three market channel structures: R-Channel, D-Channel and H-Channel. In R-Channel, both new products and remanufactured products are sold through a retailer. In D-Channel, new products are sold through retailers and remanufactured products are sold directly to consumers. In H-Channel, new products are sold through retailers, while remanufactured products through dual channel. Using the game theory, we obtain and analyse the equilibrium prices, market demands and the profits gain under these three settings. At the same time, the influence of consumers’ willingness to pay on the environment performance is researched. Our results show that the manufacturer prefers H-Channel. By introducing the direct channel the manufacturer is always economically better off, but it is not for the retailer. The numerical simulation also confirms the theoretical analysis and shows that H-Channel has advantages of economic benefit and environmental performance. It is feasible for practical application.     

Discovering meaningful information from large amounts of environment and health data to reduce uncertainties in formulating environmental policies

This study uses knowledge discovery concepts to analyze large amounts of data step by step for the purpose of assisting in the formulation of environmental policy. We performed data cleansing and extracting from existing nation-wide databases, and used regression and classification techniques to analyze the data. The current water hardness in Kaohsiung, Taiwan contributes to the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but exacerbates the development of renal stones (RS). However, to focus on water hardness alone to control RS would not be cost effective at all, because the existing database parameters do not adequately allow for a clear understanding of RS. Analysis of huge amounts of data can most often turn up the most reliable and convincing results and the use of existing databases can be cost-effective.     

Optimum ridge-to-furrow ratio in ridge-furrow mulching systems for improving water conservation in maize (Zea may L.) production

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water-saving cultivation techniques have been attracting increased attention worldwide. Ridge-furrow mulching system (RFMS), as a prospective...     

Effects of intercropping with floricultural accumulator plants on cadmium accumulation in grapevine

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) intercropping with floricultural cadmium (Cd) accumulator plants (Helianthus annuus L., Cosmos sulphureus Cav., Cosmos...     

气质联用分析加硫酸化污泥中的有机酸

分别采用两种前处理方法分离富集加硫酸化污泥中的有机酸.方法一,利用阴离子交换树脂分离富集有机酸,在不洗脱的情况下直接和乙醇进行酯化反应,然后进行气质联用分析;方法二,利用活性炭纤维吸附型固相微萃取(ACF-SPME)的方法,顶空萃取分离后进行气质联用分析.两种方法的分析结果都未检测到酸化污泥中存在短链的有机酸,只检测到个别长链的和带苯环结构的有机酸.     

超声去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮

采用超声辐照技术去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮.研究结果表明,超声辐照对垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮有很好的去除效果.渗滤液中氨氮超声去除的机理主要是氨氮以游离氨的形式在空化泡内发生高温热解反应,生成氮气和氢气而排出.     

Effect of arsenic on chloroplast ultrastructure and calcium distribution in arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L

This study investigated the impacts of arsenic (As) on the chloroplast ultrastructure and calcium (Ca) distribution in Chinese brake (Pteris vittata L.) mainly by histochemical methods, with an emphasis on the possible function of Ca in As detoxification and accumulation in P. vittata. P. vittata was grown in an artificially contaminated soil added with different concentrations of Na(2)HAsO(4) (0, 100, 300 and 800 mg kg(-1) As dry soil) for 24 weeks in a greenhouse. The addition of As did not affect the chloroplast ultrastructure of young pinna, meanwhile most of the membrane systems of chloroplasts in mature pinna were severely damaged under high As condition. Calcium concentration in the fronds of P. vittata was not significantly affected by the addition of As, but Ca concentration in the mature pinna significantly increased by As addition, consistent with the position appearing As toxicity. When no As was added, most of calcium precipitates distributed around the inner membrane of vacuole. But when the pinna appeared plasmolysis, more calcium precipitates resided outside the cell membrane and bigger particles evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. All the results indicated that Ca had a close relation with As toxicity in P. vittata.     

两级自养反硝化实现垃圾渗滤液的深度脱氮

针对目前生物工艺难以解决垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮的问题,探究了短程硝化反硝化-厌氧氨氧化-硫自养反硝化(两级自养)工艺处理高氨氮、低C/N比垃圾渗滤液的脱氮效果。结果表明, 当进水垃圾渗滤液中氨氮平均浓度为2 560 mg·L⁻¹,COD值为4 000~5 000 mg·L⁻¹时,经过短程硝化反硝化-厌氧氨氧化处理后,总氮去除负荷可达1.19 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹、总氮去除率可达93.1%(出水TN=176.3 mg·L⁻¹)、COD去除率可达52.2%。但是,厌氧氨氧化反应器出水中${\rm{NO}}_x^{-} $-N浓度为154.5 mg·L⁻¹,仍未达到我国生活垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液处理排放标准(TN≤40 mg·L⁻¹)。在厌氧氨氧化反应器之后串联硫自养反硝化,整体工艺最终出水${\rm{NH}}_4^{+} $-N、${\rm{NO}}_2^{-} $-N、${\rm{NO}}_3^{-} $-N平均浓度分别为1.9、0.6、9.7 mg·L⁻¹,TN≤15 mg·L⁻¹,进水总氮去除率为99.5%。在短程硝化反硝化-厌氧氨氧化-硫自养反硝化两级自养深度脱氮反应系统中实现了垃圾渗滤液深度脱氮。     

Hydroxyl radical scavenging role of chloride and bicarbonate ions in the H2O2/UV process

Simultaneous effect of inorganic anions, such as chloride and bicarbonate ions, on the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals (HO*) in the H2O2/UV process is the focus of this paper. The model compound of n-chlorobutane (BuCl) was used as the probe of HO*. By changing the pH conditions (2-9) and the concentrations of NaCl (0.25-2500 mM) and NaHCO3 (25 mM), the variation of HO* concentrations and the rate of H2O2 decomposition were compared. In general, the BuCl and H2O2 follow closely the first-order reaction within the first 10 and 40 min, respectively. In the presence of chloride alone at the pH range of 2-6, the HO* concentration in the reaction mixture increases with the increase of pH, and the HO* concentration at pH = 6 is 100 times of that at pH = 2. Including bicarbonate species in the solution, the peak HO* concentration was found at a certain pH, which shifts from 4, 5, to 5-7, as the molar ratios of chloride/bicarbonate species increase from 1 to 100. In addition, without bicarbonate species HO* concentration decreases significantly with increasing chloride concentration but remained rather unchanged beyond 1250 mM. In contrast, the HO* scavenging in the presence of bicarbonate species became relatively significant only when the chloride concentration reached beyond 250 mM. Throughout all experiments of different water quality conditions, the H2O2 decomposition rate remains rather unchanged.