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51.
Biljana Škrbić Katarzyna Szyrwińska Nataša Đurišić-Mladenović Piotr Nowicki Janina Lulek 《Environment international》2010,36(8):862-872
Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to a data set containing the levels of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in human milk of mothers living in the Wielkopolska region, Poland, in order to investigate the information captured in the PCB patterns and to elucidate the relationship between PCB concentrations in milk and donor characteristics. According to the obtained PCA results milk fat content was the most influential factor affecting the PCB levels in milk of the Wielkopolska cohort. The lifestyle data collected from the questionnaire completed by the donors appeared to have no influence on PCB concentrations in breast milk. The score plots revealed the PCB contents of milk were quite low and uniform with a few outliers, without discrimination observed either between the primipareous and secundipareous females or between donors from the urban and rural areas. Comparison of the PCB levels and profiles of human milk from the Wielkopolska region and from various European and Asian locations made by PCA reflected a generally low background exposure and indicated the possible reasons for the outlying of some samples. In order to enhance the chances of observing the relationship between donor habits and PCB levels in breast milk it was suggested that the questionnaire be redesigned to gather information about vegetable product consumption and indoor air exposure. 相似文献
52.
Deng Y Besse-Hoggan P Husson P Sancelme M Delort AM Stepnowski P Paszkiewicz M Gołębiowski M Costa Gomes MF 《Chemosphere》2012,89(3):327-333
Several physico-chemical properties relevant to determine the environmental impact of ionic liquids - aqueous solubility, octanol/water partition coefficient, chromatographically derived lipophilicity and infinite dilution diffusion coefficients in water - were measured in ionic liquids based on pyridinium, ammonium and pyrrolidinium cations with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anions. The influence of the presence of hydroxyl or ester groups in the physico-chemical properties of these liquids was checked. It appeared that the presence of functional oxygenated moieties reduces the lipophilicity of ionic liquids and so decreases the risk of bioaccumulation in environment. 相似文献
53.
Different perceptions of adaptation to climate change: a mental model approach applied to the evidence from expert interviews 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Ilona Otto-Banaszak Piotr Matczak Justus Wesseler Frank Wechsung 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):217-228
We argue that differences in the perception and governance of adaptation to climate change and extreme weather events are
related to sets of beliefs and concepts through which people understand the environment and which are used to solve the problems
they face (mental models). Using data gathered in 31 in-depth interviews with adaptation experts in Europe, we identify five
basic stakeholder groups whose divergent aims and logic can be related to different mental models they use: advocacy groups,
administration, politicians, researchers, and media and the public. Each of these groups uses specific interpretations of
climate change and specifies how to deal with climate change impacts. We suggest that a deeper understanding and follow-up
of the identified mental models might be useful for the design of any stakeholder involvement in future climate impact research
processes. It might also foster consensus building about adequate adaptation measures against climate threats in a society. 相似文献
54.
Mleczek Mirosław Magdziak Zuzanna Gąsecka Monika Niedzielski Przemysław Kalač Pavel Siwulski Marek Rzymski Piotr Zalicka Sylwia Sobieralski Krzysztof 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(20):20609-20618
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The aim of the study was to (i) investigate the potential of edible mushroom Boletus badius (Fr.) Fr. to accumulate 53 elements from unpolluted acidic... 相似文献
55.
56.
57.
Stepnowski P Storoniak P 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(4):199-204
- Aims and Background. Ionic liquid application in industry will offer several excellent solutions, but it also means that they
will enter the environment sooner or later. Responsible product design should always take into consideration not only technological
demands, but also the risks arising out of possible toxicity and ecotoxicity. In our strategy we are aiming to understand
the fate of these entities through their life cycle in the environment as a complimentary element of their design. This paper
presents results on the lipophilicity of selected imidazolium ionic liquids, a parameter that plays a key role in environmental
and biological distribution. Additionally, the prediction of the most stable metabolite of a 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM)
cation – a congener representative of this group of compounds is presented.
Materials and Methods Lipophilicity was evaluated by means of reversed phase and immobilized artificial membrane chromatography and further compared
to calculated data. Theoretical prediction of lipophilicity was undertaken using fragmental methodology combined with manual
calculations of the geometric bond factor for quaternary ammonium and the electronic bond factor due to the presence of a
charge.
Results and Discussion All the substances studied are characterized by very low partition coefficients, and lipophilicity varies linearly with elongation
of the n-alkyl chain. Prediction of metabolic routes was based solely on thermodynamic data of the radical intermediates formed
during the reaction with the cytochrome P450 system. The energetically most stable radical structure is generated by hydrogen
abstraction from the gamma position of the BMIM cation.
Conclusions and Recommendations. The experimentally measured and theoretically estimated lipophilicity coefficients obtained for all the
compounds studied generally indicate a relatively low lipophilicity and thus preferable partition to the aqueous phase. By
means of thermodynamic data, it was also confirmed that the energetically most stable radical structure is generated by hydrogen
abstraction from the gamma position on the alkyl chain in the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, as a result of which the
C1 atom is preferentially oxidized.
- * The basis of this peer-reviewed paper is a presentation at the 9th FECS Conference on 'Chemistry and Environment', 29 August
to 1 September 2004, Bordeaux, France. 相似文献
58.
Joanna Rutkowska Tomasz Wilk Mariusz Cichoń 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(8):1211-1217
There is accumulating evidence that maternal hormones may play a role in offspring sex adjustment, but little is known about
the costs of such hormone-mediated mechanisms. Recent studies have reported sex-specific effects of hormones on offspring
viability. Specifically, we previously found that elevating the plasma androgen level in mothers results in a male-biased
offspring primary sex ratio, but it affects the viability of sons negatively and daughters positively in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata; Rutkowska and Cichoń, Anim Behav, 71:1283–1288, 2006). In this study, we studied further fitness consequences of exposure
to elevated yolk androgen levels in zebra finches. We measured growth rate and cellular immune response of nestlings that
hatched from eggs laid by females injected with testosterone during egg laying and nestlings of unaffected control females.
We found that sons of testosterone-treated females grew slower in comparison to sons of control females. The significant interaction
between experimental group and offspring sex indicates that sons of testosterone-treated mothers suffered impaired immune
responsiveness while daughters seemed to benefit from elevated androgen level in terms of enhanced immune responsiveness.
We found no effects of androgens on offspring performance at adulthood—neither fecundity of females nor attractiveness of
males was affected. We conclude that the benefits of biasing sex ratio towards males by increasing androgen level in the yolk
may be limited due to negative effects on male offspring performance early in life. 相似文献
59.
This paper examines the phenology and biometrics of Bluethroats staging in the Eilat region. This is of special interest because
of the extreme conditions with which this temperate zone breeding species has to contend because Eilat is a desert habitat
and is the last green area before the crossing of the deserts in autumn or after it in spring. Data were collected during
20 spring and 18 autumn migration seasons in the years 1984–2003, and a total of 7,464 Bluethroat were recorded. The number
of trapped birds was much higher in autumn than in spring. The majority of Bluethroats caught in both the autumn and spring
migrations were juveniles. We found differences in sex ratio in the individual age classes only in the autumn wherein among
both adults and juveniles, males were in greater numbers. We also found significant differences in the dates of ringed birds
from different sex–age classes in the spring and in autumn migrations. In spring, males from both age classes were caught
earlier than females. In autumn, adult birds arrived earlier than juveniles. We think that it is important to identify and
conserve the high quality stopover habitats such as Eilat wherein not only Bluethroats have been shown to stopover but also
several hundred other species. 相似文献
60.