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131.
Hermit crabs are an obvious, common and abundant feature of global shallow water environments but almost nothing is known
of their ecology at their extreme latitudinal ranges, the Arctic and southern South America. In this study, we report the
first investigation on hermit crabs and their use of a key resource, gastropod shells, in a subpolar and a polar environment—amongst
the most rapidly changing places on earth. Hypothesised low levels of richness were confirmed by surveys—only Pagurus pubescens was found in western Spitsbergen and only three pagurids were found in northern Norway. At the northern-most of their extent,
hermit crabs were fairly common but Arctic abundances (1–5 m−2) were an order of magnitude lower than in many warm temperate or tropical localities. Along the open coast of Spitsbergen,
the occurrence of P. pubescens was infrequent and very patchy, but it was more abundant in the fjords. In Isfjorden, the largest studied fjord, the population
of P. pubescens was mainly represented by small individuals. Spitsbergen P. pubescens used few shell types and >87% just occurred in Margarites or Buccinum shells. The proportion of the gastropod shells, used by P. pubescens, which were damaged, was high and increased with shell size. These hermit crabs are at the edge of the range for both their
species and Anomura. The extremes of their location are reflected by: They probably represent the least rich assemblage, with
the lowest and most patchy typical abundances reported to date and are amongst the smallest individuals using the least diverse
and most damaged gastropod shells. 相似文献
132.
对最小爆炸浓度估算的方法进行了评论,论述了对一些标准测试方法修改的必要性,以及引入新参数(如最小危险质量)的必要性。 相似文献
133.
Mirosław Mleczek Marek Siwulski Kinga Stuper-Szablewska Krzysztof Sobieralski Zuzanna Magdziak Piotr Goliński 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):308-317
The aim of the study was to compare accumulation efficiency of Al, Ba and nutritional elements (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na) exhibited by six edible mushrooms collected in particular regions of Poland during the last 20 years. The studied mushroom species were Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius, Lactarius deliciosus, Leccinum aurantiacum, Suillus luteus and Xerocomus badius. The highest and the lowest concentrations of the elements in tested mushroom species were 11 – 410, 34 – 337, 16785 – 34600, 140 – 607, 12 – 75 and 16 – 143 mg kg?1d.m., respectively. The highest average concentrations of Al, Mg and Mn were observed in Suillus luteus fruiting bodies, while for Ba, Ca, K and Na it was in Lactarius deliciosus. BCF >1 was found for K and Mg in all tested mushroom species and additionally for the highest Ca and Na concentrations of all tested mushroom species except for C. cibarius and S. luteus, respectively. For the other tested elements (Al, Ba, Fe and Mn) BCF values < 1 were recorded. 相似文献
134.
Jonas Matthias Żebrowski Piotr 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2019,24(6):1169-1190
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - The focus of this perspective piece is on memory, persistence, and explainable outreach of forced systems, with greenhouse gas (GHG)... 相似文献
135.
136.
Piotr Rutkowski 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(12):2983-2993
The chemical structure of liquid products of the pinewood sawdust (W) co-pyrolysis with polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene (PP) with and without the zinc chloride as an additive was investigated. The pyrolysis process was carried out at 450 °C with the heating rate of 5 °C/min. The yield of liquid products of pyrolysis was in the range of 37–91 wt% and their form was liquid or semi-solid depending on the composition of the wood/polymer blend. The zinc chloride addition to wood/polymer blends has influenced the range of samples decomposition as well as the chemical structure of resulted bio-oils. All bio-oils from wood/polypropylene blends were two-phase (liquid and solid). Contrarily, all bio-oils obtained from biopolymer/polypropylene blends with zinc chloride added were yellow liquids. All analyses proved that the structure and the quality of bio-oil strongly depend on both the composition of the blend and the presence of ZnCl2 as an additive. The FT-IR analyses of oils showed that oxygen-containing groups and hydrocarbons content highly depend on the composition of biomass/synthetic polymer mixture. The fractionation of bio-oils by column chromatography with four different solvents was followed by GC–MS analysis. Results confirmed the significant removal and/or transformation of oxygen-containing organic compounds due to the zinc chloride presence during pyrolysis process. 相似文献
137.
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) analysis of flame structure 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Teruhito Otsuka Piotr Wolanski 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2001,14(6):503-507
An experimental study of methane–air flame propagation in a duct is reported. A flat duct was chosen to allow optical visualization and flame propagation measurements. The duct was equipped with optical-quality windows to allow Schlieren visualization and particle image velocimetry (PIV) velocity measurements. The flame propagation velocity, flow structure, and velocity distribution in the flame for a different air excess factor are reported. 相似文献
138.
Zuzanna Magdziak Piotr Goliński Monika Gąsecka Anna Budka Mirosław Mleczek 《Chemistry and Ecology》2019,35(1):36-53
Two-year old Ulmus laevis Pall (U. laevis) seedlings were cultivated in a three-month hydroponic experiment with inorganic (aresenite – As(III) and arsenate – As(V)) and organic (dimethylarsenic acid – DMA(V)) arsenic forms, at 0.06 and/or 0.6?mM concentrations. Further, the profile and content of total low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) were investigated in the rhizosphere, roots and leaves of U. laevis. Obtained results showed that the addition of As(III) or As(V) individually or in a mixture led to increased LMWOAs concentration in the rhizosphere, especially of oxalic and malonic acids, in comparison to the control, while in roots the overall content of the profiled LMWOAs decreased. In both rhizosphere and roots, addition of the DMA(V) form resulted in the inhibition of LMWOAs exudation into the rhizosphere and their creation in plant roots. Leaves were characterised by a higher content of LMWOAs than in the rhizosphere and roots for all experimental systems, where the profile and content of LMWOAs was strictly correlated with the analysed As forms. Our study indicated that creation of LMWOAs in U. laevis organs and their exudation to the rhizosphere could be responsible for the As toxicity tolerance of the plants. 相似文献
139.
Recent studies on climate responses in ectothermic (cold-blooded) vertebrates have been few in number and focussed on phenology
rather than morphology. According to Bergmann’s rule, endothermic (warm-blooded) vertebrates from cooler climates tend to
be larger than congeners from warmer regions. Although amphibians are ectothermic vertebrates, weather and climatic conditions
may also impact on their morphology, and thereby affect their survival rates and population dynamics. In this paper, we show,
in a unique long-term study during the period 1963–2003 in an agricultural landscape in western Poland, that the body length
of two water frog parental species (males of both Rana ridibunda and R. lessonae) increased significantly. However, their hybridogenetic hybrid R. esculenta did not show similar changes. A significant relationship with a large-scale climatic factor, the winter North Atlantic Oscillation
index, was found positive for R. ridibunda males and R. lessonae females, and negative for R. esculenta females. Our findings, the first for amphibians, are consistent with other studies reporting that recent climate change has
affected the morphology of animals. However, we also show that changes in amphibian phenotype linked to climate may vary independently
between (even very similar) species. 相似文献
140.
Piotr Goliński Zuzanna Magdziak Monika Gąsecka Klaudia Borowiak Jędrzej Dąbrowski 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(4):345-364
The aim of the study was to estimate Zn phytoextraction and changes in biomass of S?×?rubens growing in modified Knop's solution with different levels of Zn addition (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0?mM). Obtained results were correlated with secretion of selected low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) in the rhizosphere, roots and leaves. An increase in Zn concentration in Knop's solution resulted in Zn accumulation in roots, shoots and leaves. The highest accumulation was observed for plants growing in 5?mM Zn, at concentration levels 4741.36?±?98.66, 1227.31?±?16.57 and 2241.65?±?34.90?mg?kg?1 DW in roots, shoots and leaves, respectively. The bioaccumulation factor and the translocation factor for plants growing in 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5?mM Zn clearly indicate that this Salix taxon is an effective Zn accumulator. The general reduction of Salix biomass with an increase in Zn concentration in the solution was observed. In the rhizosphere, the total LMWOA concentration was almost 0.93?µmol?kg?1 DM for control (Zn free) plants, while for 5.0?mM of Zn it was 4.9?µmol?kg?1 DM. Increasing concentrations of acids were observed in roots (1.34 for the control and 5.57?µmol?kg?1 DM for plants treated with 2.5?mM of Zn). 相似文献