铅与苄嘧磺隆复合污染对青紫泥微生物生物量的影响

通过实验室培养试验研究了铅(0、100、300、500、800 mg/kg)与苄嘧磺隆(0、5、10 mg/kg)单独及其复合污染对青紫泥田水稻土壤微生物生物量的影响.结果表明,两种污染物在整个培养过程中都对微生物生物量C、N产生了显著的抑制作用,其交互作用在各个取样时期也均达到了显著水平;在整个培养过程中微生物生物量C、N的含量表现出先降低后升高的变化趋势,在第7～14天下降到最低点;而对微生物生物量C/N比的影响则表现出先升高后下降的趋势.     

城市生活污水处理后回用作热电厂循环冷却水的可行性研究

选用适合热电厂特点的水处理剂,利用静态试验,动态模拟试验手段,对城市生活污水回用于热电厂循环冷却水系统中的复配药剂的阻垢缓蚀性能进行了研究.通过试验表明,污水回用是可行的,为城市生活污水回用于热电厂循环冷却水系统工程提供了可靠的参数.     

实用高效的油烟净化技术及设备

随着餐饮业的快速发展 ,油烟的污染日益严重。探讨分析了目前油烟污染的净化处理现状 ,论述了新型高效的油烟净化技术机理 ,从而开发研制出经济实用的油烟净化设备 ,为我国控制油烟污染开辟了新途径     

Evaluation of photolysis and hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin in aqueous solutions and its degradation products in paddy water

This study evaluated the hydrolysis and photolysis kinetics of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection and identified the resulting metabolites of pyraclostrobin by hydrolysis and photolysis in paddy water using high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. The effect of solution pH, metal ions and surfactants on the hydrolysis of pyraclostrobin was explored. The hydrolysis half-lives of pyraclostrobin were 23.1–115.5?days and were stable in buffer solution at pH 5.0. The degradation rate of pyraclostrobin in an aqueous solution under sunlight was slower than that under UV photolysis reaction. The half-lives of pyraclostrobin in a buffer solution at pH 5.0, 7.0, 9.0 and in paddy water were less than 12?h under the two light irradiation types. The metabolites of the two processes were identified and compared to further understand the mechanisms underlying hydrolysis and photolysis of pyraclostrobin in natural water. The extracted ions obtained from paddy water were automatically annotated by Compound Discoverer software with manual confirmation of their fragments. Two metabolites were detected and identified in the pyraclostrobin hydrolysis, whereas three metabolites were detected and identified in the photolysis in paddy water.     

Determination of the residue dynamics and dietary risk of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus and soil by LC-MS/MS

A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method was developed for the determination of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin in citrus (including the whole citrus, peel and pulp) and soil samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and purified with octadecylsilane. The detection limits of both compounds were 0.0001–0.0002?mg kg^–1, while the limit of quantification of thiamethoxam was 0.002?mg kg^–1 and the limit of quantitation of metabolites was 0.001?mg kg^–1. The recovery was 70.37%–109.76%, with inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) (n?=?15) values ≤9.46% for the two compounds in the four matrices. The degradation curve of thiamethoxam in whole citrus and soil was plotted using the first-order kinetic model. The half-life of the whole citrus was 1.9–6.2?days, and the half-life of the soil was 3.9–4.2?days. The terminal residue of thiamethoxam (the sum of thiamethoxam and clothianidin, expressed as thiamethoxam) was found to be concentrated on the peel. The final residual amount of thiamethoxam in the edible portion (pulp) was less than 0.061?mg kg^–1. The risk quotient values were all below 1, indicating that thiamethoxam as a citrus insecticide does not pose a health risk to humans at the recommended dosage.     

厌氧动态膜生物反应器处理冷轧平整液废水

平整液废水作为碱性含油废水,一直是冶金行业较难处理的废水之一。搭建了一套厌氧动态膜生物反应器（AnDMBR）,通过梯级驯化的方式,处理COD为2 500 mg·L-1左右的平整液废水。经过88 d的启动驯化,在膜通量为6 L·（m2·h）-1,HRT为2.5 d的条件下,出水稳定在500 mg·L-1左右,甲烷产率约0.151 L·g-1,动态膜的一个运行周期可以分为成膜阶段、稳定阶段和堵塞阶段3个阶段。成膜阶段出水浊度随动态膜的逐渐形成而下降;而后动态膜形成,出水浊度稳定,为稳定阶段;最后为堵塞阶段,跨膜压差激增,出水浊度上升。同时对驯化及稳定运行阶段的污泥进行了微生物菌群分析,在细菌群落中主要的微生物菌群为Clostridia（梭状芽胞杆菌纲）、Bacteroidia（拟杆菌纲）、Anaerolineae（厌氧绳菌纲）、OP8_1和Spirochaetes（螺旋体纲）,其中拟杆菌纲是处理平整液废水的优势细菌菌群。在古菌群落中,Methanolinea（甲烷绳菌属）和Methanosaeta（甲烷鬃毛菌属）为主要菌种,随着反应器的长期驯化和运行,甲烷鬃毛菌逐渐成为反应器中优势菌群。     

铁的环境地球化学综述

本文详细介绍了铁在表生地球化学环境中的存在状态,亚铁的氧化动力学,铁微生物地球化学及铁在表生带迁移转化的环境学意义,强调了铁环境地球化学研究的重要性     

淡水鱼类种质资源信息系统的研制

采用人工智能和多媒体技术、建成了淡水鱼类种质资源信息系统。本系统完整、准确地保存了鲢、鳙、草鱼、团头鲂、方正银鲫、兴国红鲤、散鳞镜锂、尼罗罗非鱼、奥利亚罗非鱼等十种淡水鱼类种质标准参数及其性状图形、图像集、,包括鱼类可量和可数性状;鱼类年龄与生长特征;鱼类性成熟和怀卵量特征;鱼类耗氧量、耗氧率和窒息点指标;鱼类肌肉成份;鱼类染色体核型图像;鱼类同工酶酶谱组成指标,为进行种质鉴别和保存探索了一条新路     

土地利用变化对流域水文过程时空分异的影响 ——以赣江流域为例

土地利用变化引起的水文分量时空变化对认识流域产汇流过程,优化流域土地利用结构和水资源规划具有重要意义。基于SWAT模型,本研究以赣江流域为例,结合1980、2000、2015年3期土地利用数据从水文响应单元的角度,系统分析了单纯土地利用变化对流域产流、蒸发、入渗以及径流等主要水文过程时空分布的影响。结果表明：1980~2015年间,流域内的土地利用变化主要表现为耕地和林地的减少,城乡建设用地的增加;林地的减少和城乡建设用地的增加是产流增加,蒸发和入渗减少的主要原因;总体上,土地利用变化对局部地区水文过程影响较大,但因土地利用类型之间的相互转化和其影响的叠加,流域尺度上的综合水文效应明显降低;土地利用变化导致整个赣江流域平均径流量增加了2.33×108m3,相比较近年来赣江径流的减小幅度其影响十分有限。近年来,赣江入湖径流量的下降主要是由气候变化和其他人类活动作用特别是流域工农业用水的大幅增长所致。流域水文过程模拟应充分考虑土地利用变化水文效应的时空分异,注重天然和社会水循环的耦合,才能更为真实的反映流域水文过程,更好的为流域土地利用结构优化和水资源的高效管理提供科学依据。