电吸附组合工艺在炼油污水回用中的研究与应用

采用生物深度处理-过滤-电吸附除盐组合工艺对炼油二级生化排污进行深度处理,中试和工业应用试验结果表明:该组合工艺具有较好的抗石油类有机物污染的能力,电吸附除盐设备核心部件预期使用寿命长,产水可以直接回用于循环水作补水,浓水达到国家一级排放标准,可以直接排放。该工艺不产生二次污染,属于绿色环保工艺。     

Pollution perception: A challenge for intergenerational equity

In this article we extend the recent literature on overlapping generations and pollution by allowing generations to perceive the level of pollution differently than the actual level of pollution. We call this pollution perception. Pollution perception can visualize itself as either a concern for the flow of pollution only, or for the stock, or a combination of both. We derive this extension based on empirical evidence from recent advances in behavioural economics.Pollution perception has not only significant consequences for the steady state levels of pollution and capital, but we also find a qualitative change in the dynamics from similar models without pollution perception [A. John, R. Pecchenino, An overlapping generations model of growth and the environment, Econ. J. 104 (1994) 1393–1410]. Specifically, we derive optimal non-linear dynamics through complex eigenvalues and Hopf or Flip bifurcations for a large set of parameters. This leads to violations of two standard criteria of sustainability, suggesting that pollution perception can be another source of intergenerational inequity.     

UV-B辐射增强对苹果炭疽菌生长特性及其过氧化氢酶活性的影响

在UV-B辐射增强条件下,在UV-B不同剂量率和不同剂量作用下,研究了苹果炭疽菌(Colletrotrichum gloeosporioildes)菌丝的生长速率、产孢性状、分生孢子的萌发特性和过氧化氢酶活性.实验得出,菌落直径、菌丝体干质量、产孢量、分生孢子的萌发及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性受UV-B的促进,促进作用与剂量率即单位时间内的辐射剂量呈正相关,同一剂量率的不同剂量对苹果炭疽菌的影响没有显著差异.结果表明,UV-B辐射增加,促进了苹果炭疽的生物积累,抗逆性增强,诱导了抗氧化防御系统过氧化氢酶活性,UV-B对苹果炭疽菌的作用不呈累积效应.     

基于随机样本的BP模型在水质评价中的应用

运用BP(误差反向传播)模型对水环境质量进行综合评价,主要针对以前BP模型在水质评价中存在的学习训练样本过少,没有检验样本等问题,用随机数发生器在每个级别范围内产生大量的数据作为训练样本和检验样本,并尝试以MSE函数生成均方误差作为检验样本的输出值与期望输出值的比较,检验网络评价未知样本的能力,大大提高了神经网络评价水质时的精度。     

Detection and assessment of dust mite allergens in an indoor environment in Anhui,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dust in the home environment is thought to be a potential trigger for increasing allergic diseases, such as allergic rash, rhinitis, asthma, and other...     

Cost–benefit analysis of construction waste source reduction: a system dynamics approach

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Construction waste (CW) source reduction is a crucial strategy to address the sustainability issue of the construction industry. The economic benefit...     

Characteristics and management modes of domestic waste in rural areas of developing countries: a case study of China

A huge accumulation of domestic waste has caused serious environmental contamination in rural areas of developing countries (RADIC). The characteristics and management of domestic waste are carefully discussed, based on field surveys and a literature review. The results indicate that the generation in most of RADIC is less than the median of 0.521 kg day⁻¹ per capita in China, and much smaller than in rural areas of developed countries (RADEC). Organic waste and inert waste with an accumulative mass percentage of 72.31% are dominant components of domestic waste in the rural areas of China. There are trends of increasing amounts of kitchen waste, paper/cardboard, and plastic/rubber and a decreasing trend of ash waste. The RADIC composition of domestic waste had a high content of organic waste and a low content of recyclable waste compared to the RADEC. Domestic waste has good compressibility and a light bulk density ranging from 40 to 650 kg m⁻³. The moisture, ash, combustible, and calorific values of domestic waste were 53.31%, 18.03%, 28.67%, and 5368 kJ kg⁻¹, respectively. The domestic waste has an abundance of nutrients including organic matter (39.05%), nitrogen (1.02%), phosphorus (0.50%), and potassium (1.42%). In RADIC, domestic waste can be used as an agricultural manure only after it has been collected and sorted for the potential risk of heavy metal accumulation. Based on these characteristics of domestic waste and the different situations of rural areas, four waste management modes including centralized treatment, decentralized treatment, group treatment, and mobile treatment are designed and discussed.

     

Fine particulate matter alters the microecology of the murine respiratory tract

Fine particulate matter is a global challenge to human health. We investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of fine particulate matter on respiratory tract microecology in a lung injury mouse model. BALB/c mice were randomized into exposed and control groups. We found that the levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I was increased following the PM2.5 exposure. 16S rRNA sequencing of respiratory tract lavage fluid confirmed that the composition of the respiratory tract microecology was altered by the exposure. Lactobacillus was the most abundant of bacterial species present. Collectively, these results establish a link between exposure to fine particulate matter and alterations to the respiratory tract microecology. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms may lead to treatment strategies in lung injury.

     

Investigation of three system shut-down strategies alongside optimization suggestion for proton exchange membrane fuel cells via in-situ measurements

ABSTRACT

Carbon corrosion caused by H₂/O₂ interface during the shut-down process is one of the factors that exacerbate the overall degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) in automotive applications. Numerous studies have shown that system strategies are beneficial for reducing the duration of H₂/O₂ interface and alleviating performance degradation. In this paper, three different shut-down strategies are investigated and compared based on the internal behaviors acquired by in-situ measurements. For the three shut-down strategies, reverse current and high potential are mainly observed in a lower constant current and constant power strategy. Comparatively speaking, the internal uniformity of the cell under constant current and power load is better than that with constant voltage strategy when the shut-down time is about the same. The results suggest that adopting a higher constant power load followed by a larger voltage load during the shut-down process can effectively shorten the shut-down time and relieve carbon corrosion. These results add significant new insights into the shut-down process and will be of practical importance in directing design of combined shut-down strategy that can withstand carbon corrosion.     

南京市水环境区域流域生态补偿模式与改进对策研究

通过回顾南京市开展水环境区域流域生态补偿工作历程,对南京市流域生态补偿实施模式及存在问题进行分析,指出在南京市水环境流域生态补偿实践过程中存在的关键问题,并提出相应对策,为今后其他城市和地区开展此项工作提供借鉴。