射阳河底泥重金属沿程变化分析及污染评价

分析了射阳河流域沿程20个底泥样品中6种重金属(Cr、Pb、Ni、Zn、Cu、As)的含量,并应用地累积指数法对其进行了污染评价。研究结果表明:除As在近一半的采样点没有污染,其他重金属污染均普遍存在,但多数属于轻度污染。Zn污染最为严重,几乎全程都是偏中等或中等以上的污染。纵观射阳河全程样品FN04,SY07污染最为严重,前者与其支流西塘河的污染有关,后者可能与河闸上侧的死水状态有关;黄沙河污染最轻,与河流沉积物粒径比较粗而导致的对重金属吸附能力减弱有关。     

A docking-based receptor library of antibiotics and its novel application in predicting chronic mixture toxicity for environmental risk assessment

As organisms are typically exposed to chemical mixtures over long periods of time, chronic mixture toxicity is the best way to perform an environmental risk assessment (ERA). However, it is difficult to obtain the chronic mixture toxicity data due to the high expense and the complexity of the data acquisition method. Therefore, an approach was proposed in this study to predict chronic mixture toxicity. The acute (15 min exposure) and chronic (24 h exposure) toxicity of eight antibiotics and trimethoprim to Vibrio fischeri were determined in both single and binary mixtures. The results indicated that the risk quotients (RQs) of antibiotics should be based on the chronic mixture toxicity. To predict the chronic mixture toxicity, a docking-based receptor library of antibiotics and the receptor-library-based quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model were developed. Application of the developed QSAR model to the ERA of antibiotic mixtures demonstrated that there was a close affinity between RQs based on the observed chronic toxicity and the corresponding RQs based on the predicted data. The average coefficients of variations were 46.26 and 34.93 % and the determination coefficients (R ²) were 0.999 and 0.998 for the low concentration group and the high concentration group, respectively. This result convinced us that the receptor library would be a promising tool for predicting the chronic mixture toxicity of antibiotics and that it can be further applied in ERA.     

倒置A2/O污水处理工艺的特点及应用实例

传统A2/O工艺在保证脱氮效果的同时除磷效果往往不佳.在充分分析传统A2/O工艺的基础上,提出了将缺氧池置于厌氧池前面,厌氧池后设置好氧池的分点进水倒置A2/O工艺.某污水厂的现场试验表明,在COD去除能力与常规A2/O工艺相当的情况下,倒置A2/O工艺的脱氮除磷功能明显优于常规A2/O工艺.     

苏州河上海市区段表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布及特征

参照美国EPA8000系列方法、质量保证和质量控制,对苏州河上海市区段的表层沉积物中16种优控多环芳烃类有机物(PAHs)进行了分析.结果表明,苏州河上海市区段的表层沉积物均受到了很大程度的污染,其中处于市区中段的昌化路桥、西康路桥和长寿路桥断面的PAHs含量较高,处于黄浦江入口附近的四川路桥、河南路桥和福建路桥断面的含量较低.同时发现,近十几年来苏州河沉积物中的PAHs含量和成分发生了一定的变化,对其原因作了初步探讨.     

Heavy metal contamination in soils and food crops around Dabaoshan mine in Guangdong,China: implication for human health

This study was designed to investigate heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) contamination levels of soils, vegetables, and rice grown in the vicinity of the Dabaoshan mine, south China. The concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in paddy soil exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for Chinese agricultural soil. The heavy metal concentrations (mg kg⁻¹, dry weight basis) in vegetables ranged from 5.0 to 14.3 for Cu, 34.7 to 170 for Zn, 0.90 to 2.23 for Pb, and 0.45 to 4.1 for Cd. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in rice grain exceeded the maximum permissible limits in China. Dietary intake of Pb and Cd through the consumption of rice and certain vegetable exceeded the recommended dietary allowance levels. The status of heavy metal concentrations of food crops grown in the vicinity of Dabaoshan mine and their implications for human health should be further investigated.     

从工业废液中回收镍钴合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNixCo1-xO2

探索了从废液中回收镍钻在空气气氛下合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNixCo1-xO2的方法和工艺。结果表明,合成材料的充放电性能都比较好,LiNo0.3Co0.7O2在600℃6h→750℃16h时制得的产物初始充电容量达到154．938mAh/g,接近用分析纯的镍钴原料合成的正极材料LiNi0.3Co0.7O2的首次充电容量（156．146mAh/g）。采用镍钴废液合成锂离子电池正极材料,化害为利,经济可行。     

剩余活性污泥制复合肥

石油化工污水处理过程中产生的剩余活性污泥处理是环保工作中的一大难题 ,通过对污泥成分、肥效的分析及对活性污泥制肥的工艺简介 ,阐明了剩余活性污泥制复合肥技术的可行性和广阔前景     

New insights into eutrophication management: Importance of temperature and water residence time

Eutrophication and harmful cyanobacterial blooms threaten water resources all over the world. There is a great controversy about controlling only phosphorus or controlling both nitrogen and phosphorus in the management of lake eutrophication. The primary argument against the dual nutrients control of eutrophication is that nitrogen fixation can compensate the nitrogen deficits. Thus, it is of great necessary to study the factors that can significantly affect the nitrogen fixation. Due to the dif...     

Removal capacity and pathways of phenolic endocrine disruptors in an estuarine wetland of natural reed bed

Phenolic compounds are partly known as endocrine disruptors with various harmful effects including feminization and carcinogenesis at very low concentrations. Consequently, the pathways and removal of these compounds in natural and artificial sewage treatment systems such as wetlands have received wide concern. In this paper, a natural reed bed wetland with an area of 695 ha located in the Liaohe River estuary in Northeast China was employed as a demonstration site to study the retention and removal efficiency of phenolic compounds including 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), and to evaluate their purification capacity via water and mass balance analyses during an irrigation period from May 9 to September 8, 2009. The results showed that the phenolic compounds could be retained in the wetland system and removed through various processes. On average, 27.5% of phenolic compounds could be retained by the wetland substrate during the initial three-day irrigation period with a retention capacity order of 4-t-OP > 4-NP > BPA > DCP. During the following 120 d irrigation period, the phenolic compounds could be efficiently removed with an average percentage of 91.6%. It is estimated that 1.76 kg d⁻¹ of phenolic compounds could be removed by the Liaohe River estuarine wetland (∼8 × 10⁴ ha). The reed bed wetland system therefore provides a feasible mitigation option for phenolic pollutants in sewage and wastewater.     

以剩余污泥水解酸化液为外加碳源的污水生物脱氮

为解决低碳氮比污水生物脱氮过程反硝化碳源不足的问题,利用剩余污泥水解酸化液为外加碳源,通过具有曝气段与非曝气段的一体化曝气生物滤池（BAF）,研究低碳氮比污水生物脱氮的性能与工艺条件。实验结果表明,预处理后的水解酸化液VFAs为3134．9～5251．4mg／L、ThODVFAs／COD为59．87％～91．85％,适合作为生物脱氮的外加碳源;水解酸化液的投配量、进水TN浓度对系统生物脱氮效果的影响较大,气水比、曝气段与非曝气段比例对系统的硝化和反硝化性能有重要的影响;在温度为25±1℃,水解酸化液COD平均为7555．1mg／L,进水TN、NH4-N和COD分别平均为43．88mg／L、39．04mg／L和56．8mg／L,碳源与污水投配的流量比为1：75的条件下,当BAF水力停留时间（HRT）为8h、曝气段与非曝气段比例为3：3、气水比为10：1、回流比为2：1时,NH4-N和TN的去除率分别超过98％和75％,出水COD平均为28．6mg／L。研究指出,剩余污泥水解酸化液经过预处理后可用作低碳氮比污水生物脱氮的外加碳源,有效地提高了反硝化效果,并不会造成二次污染,同时又可以实现剩余污泥的减量化和资源化。