防电磁辐射屏蔽材料的制备与性能研究

主要研究了电磁屏蔽材料的配制及加工工艺。本材料采用聚氯乙烯树脂为基材，化学镀镍的玻璃纤维为导电填充物复合而成，具有较好的屏蔽效果，且有良好的阻尼和阻燃性能     

碳钢的等温动态相图及其应用

建立并扼要讨论了,碳钢在任意等温温度下的时间一成分状态图及其应用,将这种由平衡或不平衡组织构成的状态图定义为;碳钢的等温动态相图     

氮磷生态拦截集成技术治理湖泊岸区农业面源污染分析研究

农业面源污染是造成湖泊水体富营养化的重要原因之一,中国湖泊边岸广泛分布的自然村落使污染问题日益严峻,氮磷生态拦截集成技术已经作为一种经济有效的技术措施逐渐得到推广应用.通过分析国内外所采用的几种适合湖泊岸区的氮磷生态拦截技术,不同区域采用的氮磷生态拦截集成技术要因地制宜,需结合当地的农作物种植、植物种类分布、地形地貌、气候环境等因素,科学地选择净化植物与处理工艺,才能取得较好的治理效果.     

Effect of the chlortetracycline addition method on methane production from the anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater

Effects of antibiotic residues on methane production in anaerobic digestion are commonly studied using the following two antibiotic addition methods：（1） adding manure from animals that consume a diet containing antibiotics, and（2） adding antibiotic-free animal manure spiked with antibiotics. This study used chlortetracycline（CTC） as a model antibiotic to examine the effects of the antibiotic addition method on methane production in anaerobic digestion under two different swine wastewater concentrations（0.55 and 0.22 mg CTC/g dry manure）. The results showed that CTC degradation rate in which manure was directly added at 0.55 mg CTC/g（HSPIKE treatment） was lower than the control values and the rest of the treatment groups. Methane production from the HSPIKEtreatment was reduced（p 〈 0.05） by 12% during the whole experimental period and 15% during the first 7 days. The treatments had no significant effect on the pH and chemical oxygen demand value of the digesters, and the total nitrogen of the0.55 mg CTC/kg manure collected from mediated swine was significantly higher than the other values. Therefore, different methane production under different antibiotic addition methods might be explained by the microbial activity and the concentrations of antibiotic intermediate products and metabolites. Because the primary entry route of veterinary antibiotics into an anaerobic digester is by contaminated animal manure, the most appropriate method for studying antibiotic residue effects on methane production may be using manure from animals that are given a particular antibiotic, rather than adding the antibiotic directly to the anaerobic digester.     

砂石加工废水处理工艺研究

通过对砂石加工废水水质特性的研究可知,该类废水悬浮物浓度高、沉降性能好、且随时间推移,沉降泥渣的比阻呈增大趋势,泥渣的脱水越来越困难。在研究的基础上提出了处理该类废水的新工艺,并在中试规模将其与现行处理工艺进行了比较。结果表明,新工艺运行稳定、处理成本较低,为0.53元/吨水、泥渣脱水历时短、排泥管不易堵塞,较好地解决了废水中悬浮物沉降后泥渣的处理与排放之间的矛盾,SS去除率为99.8%,处理效果较好,可广泛应用于工程设计。     

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on the soil profile methane distribution and diffusion in rice–wheat rotation system

The aim of this experiment was to determine the impacts of climate change on soil profile concentrations and diffusion effluxes of methane in a rice–wheat annual rotation ecosystem in Southeastern China. We initiated a field experiment with four treatments: ambient conditions (CKs), CO₂ concentration elevated to ~ 500 μmol/mol (FACE), temperature elevated by ca. 2°C (T) and combined elevation of CO₂ concentration and temperature (FACE + T). A multilevel sampling probe was designed to collect the soil gas at four different depths, namely, 7 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm. Methane concentrations were higher during the rice season and decreased with depth, while lower during the wheat season and increased with depth. Compared to CK, mean methane concentration was increased by 42%, 57% and 71% under the FACE, FACE + T and T treatments, respectively, at the 7 cm depth during the rice season (p < 0.05). Mean methane diffusion effluxes to the 7 cm depth were positive in the rice season and negative in the wheat season, resulting in the paddy field being a source and weak sink, respectively. Moreover, mean methane diffusion effluxes in the rice season were 0.94, 1.19 and 1.42 mg C/(m²·hr) in the FACE, FACE + T and T treatments, respectively, being clearly higher than that in the CK. The results indicated that elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and temperature could significantly increase soil profile methane concentrations and their effluxes from a rice–wheat field annual rotation ecosystem (p < 0.05).     

污染地下水的健康风险评估研究进展与启示

我国污染地下水的健康风险评估处于起步阶段,虽然已经发布了《污染场地风险评估技术导则》(HJ25.3-2014),但相关的理论和技术方法仍不成熟。根据国内外地下水健康风险评估的研究进展,同时总结了常用的评估模型(NAS四步法、RAGS模型、RBCA模型、多介质模型),为合理借鉴国外评估模型提供指导,并为我国进一步开展地下水健康风险评估提出建议:评估指南、标准以及模型的完善;地下水筛选值的制定;参数本地化。     

聚乙烯醇精馏残渣组分分析及其环境风险评价

为评估聚乙烯醇生产中精馏残渣组分及其环境污染风险,为此类危险废物的环境管理提供技术支持,采集华东某聚乙烯醇生产企业的精馏残渣,分析其重金属以及有机污染物含量,并评估其环境风险。研究结果表明聚乙烯醇精馏残渣主要来自生产环节中的醋酸乙烯精制工段,残渣中的有机物组分主要为醋酸及其他有机酸类,其中醋酸的相对含量达到63.47%;残渣中的重金属主要包括Zn、Ni和Cr,其含量分别为404 537 mg·kg-1,8 654 mg·kg-1和5 084 mg·kg-1。环境风险评价的结果表明残渣中有机物污染物引起的环境风险在可接受范围内,而重金属污染严重,同时有很高潜在生态风险。精馏残渣中的主要环境污染风险因子为醋酸、Zn和Ni。     

城市生态文明建设评价指标体系构建

城市作为人类环境问题和危机产生的重要策源地,建立反映城市生态环境问题和生态文明建设状态的评价指标体系,依据评价结论,指导城市生态文明建设十分必要。文章在城市作为社会—经济—自然复合人工生态系统的理论基础上,分析了社会生态亚系统、经济生态亚系统及自然生态亚系统相互作用关系和城市生态系统主要生物成分组成、结构与功能关系,系统的构建了符合中国国情的城市生态文明评价指标体系。该体系以生态经济、生态环境质量、生态社会为评价要素,下设12个一级指标及42个二级指标,为评价中国城市生态文明建设水平提供科学依据。     

石化行业挥发性有机物源强核算及LDAR技术的应用研究

石化行业排放的挥发性有机物(VOCs)是引发大气环境问题的重要污染物,有效控制VOCs的排放已经成为现阶段中国大气环境治理领域中的热点问题.泄漏检测与修复技术(LDAR)是发现和修复工艺装置泄漏的一种源项控制技术.通过对LDAR技术的文献及石化行业的应用调研,总结了LDAR技术国内外应用进展,挥发性有机物源强的核算方法,重点介绍了LDAR技术在石化行业开展的实施流程及潜在的效益.对石化行业开展泄漏检测与修复工作,减少挥发性有机物无组织的排放起到借鉴作用.