基于视频数据的城市隧道交通运行特征与安全研究

为降低城市隧道交通事故率,提高车辆出行安全,以上海市翔殷路跨江隧道为研究对象,利用视频采集技术、车辆跟踪调查采集隧道交通运行数据,分析城市隧道交通运行特征及驾驶员在隧道内驾驶行为特征,并进一步研究其与隧道交通事故的关系。对隧道内车辆的速度、密度分布,变道行为进行分析,发现隧道南线入口处内外断面平均车速的显著差异可以解释该处追尾事故高发,隧道内车辆频繁变换车道导致隧道侧碰事故占较大比例。为改善城市隧道交通安全,在隧道内进行限速和限制车辆变道是必要的。     

过碳酸钠/钼酸钠体系对2-氯乙基乙基硫醚的降解机理与动力学研究

研究了不同温度下过碳酸钠/钼酸钠体系和单一过碳酸钠对芥子气模拟剂2-氯乙基乙基硫醚（2-CEES）降解动力学规律,建立了相应的反应速率方程;利用液质联用技术分析了降解产物,并利用顺磁共振技术检测了过碳酸钠/钼酸钠体系产生的活性成分,推测了反应机理.结果表明,两种体系对2-CEES降解反应均为一级反应,过碳酸钠/钼酸钠体...     

环评中不同性质项目工程分析内容的探讨

根据环境影响评价中工程分析篇章的目的及要求,探讨了新建、改扩建、技术改造三种不同建设性质项目的定义,分析了这三类项目工程分析篇章应编写的内容,并重点论述了其中的区别。     

基于信源特征模型的大学生德育实效性提高途径思考

增强大学生德育实效性,是当前大学德育的重要问题。运用传播学理论模型,从信源特征角度分析影响大学生德育的有关因素,进而提出提高大学生德育实效性的途径,旨在为大学生思想教育工作者提供另一种思考角度,并在此基础上指导德育教育,从而提高其实效性。     

Analysis of the trade-off between economic growth and the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions in the Poyang Lake Watershed, China

Lake eutrophication leading to water pollution is a major global concern. In recent years, rapid economic growth and the increase in the intensity of resource exploitation in China have caused the influx of nitrogen and phosphorus into lakes. This in turn has led to more severe lake eutrophication, more frequent outbreaks of algal blooms, and the degradation of lake ecosystems. An effective plan balancing economic growth with the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions is greatly needed. The design and implementation of such a plan requires the collection and analysis of pertinent data. In this paper, we use the environmental computable general equilibrium (ECGE) model to identify the most effective way to balance economic growth with the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions. For the multiregional analysis, we use social accounting matrices (SAMs) and a provincial trade matrix based on the assumptions of the gravity model. We consider the Poyang Lake Watershed as a case study to illustrate the utility of the model. Based on present conditions in the Poyang Lake Watershed, restricting nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from sectors with the highest emissions is more effective for balancing economic growth and the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions than restricting nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from all sectors.     

东北地区春旱对春玉米幼苗长势的影响指标和模式

春旱对春玉米幼苗长势影响田间试验分3个播种期(温度处理)和4个土壤水分胁迫处理。结果表明,在东北中部玉米主产区,玉米幼苗长势好坏主要取决于水分。玉米幼苗长势(叶龄、生物量和株高)与春季土壤湿度和土壤累积有效水量的关系模式均为二次函数。干旱胁迫降低玉米苗期生叶速度和植株高度,减轻生物量,严重抑制幼苗营养生长。玉米春旱的指标是:W在18%～19%之间,或H在45～54mm之间为轻旱;17%～18%或40～45mm为中旱;17%以下或少于40mm为严重干旱。     

乐清湾湿地生态服务功能及价值测算

湿地是具有多功能的独特的生态系统,对其生态服务功能进行评价,可为管理和保护湿地提供科学的依据。以乐清湾湿地为研究对象,采用市场价值法、替代费用法、碳税法与工业制氧影子法、机会成本法、权变估算法及专家评估法对该湿地生态服务功能进行了价值测算。经计算,乐清湾湿地生态服务功能总价值为67.63亿元/年。其中直接使用价值为47.75亿元/年,间接使用价值为19.06亿元/年,非使用价值为0.83亿元/年。该项研究可为湿地资源的开发规划提供参考。     

Organochlorine pesticides in the surface water and sediments from the Peacock River Drainage Basin in Xinjiang, China: a study of an arid zone in Central Asia

Fourteen surface water and nine surface sediment samples were collected from the Peacock River and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) by gas chromatograph?Celectron capture detector (GC-ECD). All the analyzed organochlorine pesticides, except o,p ^??-DDT, were detected in sediments from the Peacock River; but in the water samples, only ??-HCH, HCB, p,p ^??-DDD, and p,p ^??-DDT were detected at some sites. The ranges for total OCPs in the water and sediments were from N.D. to 195 ng l^???1 and from 1.36 to 24.60 ng g^???1, respectively. The only existing HCH isomer in the water, ??-HCH, suggested that the contamination by HCHs could be attributed to erosion of the weathered agricultural soils containing HCHs compounds. Composition analyses showed that no technical HCH, technical DDT, technical chlordanes, endosulfans, and HCB had been recently used in this region. However, there was new input of ??-HCH (lindane) into the Peacock River. The most probable source was water flowing from Bosten Lake and/or agricultural tailing water that was returned directly into the Peacock River. DDT compounds in the sediments may be derived mainly from DDT-treated aged and weathered agricultural soils, the degradation condition was aerobic and the main product was DDE. HCB in the sediment might be due to the input from Bosten Lake and the lake may act as an atmospheric deposition zone. There was no significant correlation between the concentrations of OCPs (including ??HCH, ??DDT, chlordanes, endosulfans, HCB and total OCPs) and the content of fine particles (<63 ??m). The concentrations of OCPs were affected by salinity.     

濮阳市秋冬季大气细颗粒物污染特征及来源解析

濮阳市作为京津冀周边地区大气污染传输通道城市之一,秋冬季重污染天气频发,空气污染问题严峻.为了研究濮阳市秋冬季大气细颗粒物污染特征及其主要来源,于2017年10月15日至2018年1月13日在濮阳市3个国控点对PM_(2.5)进行了手工膜采样与化学组分分析,并结合PMF受体模型,开展了细颗粒物来源解析研究.结果表明,濮阳市2017年秋冬季PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为94. 16μg·m~(-3),濮水河管理处的污染状况最严重,进入采暖季后3站点均表现为重度及严重污染事件频发,轻度污染发生频率降低,重污染发生时NO_2与CO浓度升高明显. PM_(2.5)中的主要组分为水溶性离子(52. 33%)、碳质组分(25. 32%)和地壳元素(0. 08%),NO_3~-的含量高而SO_4~(2-)的浓度水平较低.重污染发生时,PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子、OC、EC和K浓度都出现了明显的升高,而地壳元素浓度降低.采样期间濮阳市的硫氮转化率水平较高,大气氧化性较强,硫氮转化促进了重污染的发生.濮阳市2017年NOx、CO和VOCs排放量较高,来源解析结果表明,濮阳市秋冬季PM_(2.5)主要来源分别为二次无机盐(37%)、工业源(16%)、二次有机气溶胶SOA(14%)、生物质燃烧源(12%)、移动源(9%)、燃煤源(7%)和扬尘源(4%).可见,二次转化在濮阳重污染的形成过程中起到重要作用,要减轻大气细颗粒物污染,需要重点控制工业源、生物质燃烧、移动源和民用散煤燃烧的排放.     

鸟粪石结晶法回收废水中氮磷的研究进展

采用鸟粪石结晶法处理含氮磷污水,可实现氮磷的去除及回收利用.本文介绍了鸟粪石法处理含氮磷污水的基本原理、现阶段研究热点,总结了目前研究的不足之处,展望了该法处理含氮磷污水的研究方向及发展前景.