Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

Abstract

There is an obvious departure from the regional equilibrium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in “the effects of contra-geography-grads development”. It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industrialization delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of “the vicious circle of poverty” by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environmental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called “the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emis-sions along the Pearl River” is put forward supposed to give corresponding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.     

Industrial layout reconstruction,the role of local government and variation of pollution distribution in China

ABSTRACT

In recent years, high-polluting industries have been gradually shifted from the eastern developed regions to the central and western underdeveloped regions in China. Certain environmental regulations have been in place accordingly in various regions, but the pollution in the central and western regions has risen sharply. Based on the data of interprovincial panel in China from 2006 to 2015, this paper calculates high-pollution industry dynamic agglomeration index, environmental pollution agglomeration index and relative environmental regulation intensity index, and uses Generalized Method of Moments to carry out the regression analyses of the whole samples, regional heterogeneity and temporal heterogeneity. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between relative environmental regulation and environmental pollution concentration in China. The concentration degrees of industrial wastewater pollution and industrial waste gas pollution are deepened, which are mainly caused by the transfer of highly polluting industries. However, the concentration of industrial solid waste pollution caused by the transfer is not obvious. Furthermore, the deepening of industrialization intensifies the concentration of regional environmental pollution. Environmental Kuznets Curve does exist in China, but it is not significant. The increase of labor cost and quality will reduce the concentration of environmental pollution.     

Development of Customized Fire Behavior Fuel Models for Boreal Forests of Northeastern China

Knowledge of forest fuels and their potential fire behavior across a landscape is essential in fire management. Four customized fire behavior fuel models that differed significantly in fuels characteristics and environmental conditions were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis based on fuels data collected across a boreal forest landscape in northeastern China. Fuel model I represented the dense and heavily branched Pinus pumila shrubland which has significant fine live woody fuels. These forests occur mainly at higher mountain elevations. Fuel model II is applicable to forests dominated by Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana occurring in native forests on hill slopes or at low mountain elevations. This fuel model was differentiated from other fuel models by higher herbaceous cover and lower fine live woody loading. The primary coniferous forests dominated by Larix gmelini and Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica were classified as fuel model III and fuel model IV. Those fuel models differed from one another in average cover and height of understory shrub and herbaceous layers as well as in aspect. The potential fire behavior for each fuel model was simulated with the BehavePlus5.0 fire behavior prediction system. The simulation results indicated that the Pinus pumila shrubland fuels had the most severe fire behavior for the 97th percentile weather condition, and had the least severe fire behavior under 90th percentile weather condition. Fuel model II presented the least severe fire potential across weather conditions. Fuel model IV resulted in greater fire severity than Fuel model III across the two weather scenarios that were examined.     

Optimal production and pricing policy for a closed loop system

A closed loop system is investigated, in which the manufacturer has two channels to satisfy the demand: manufacturing brand-new products and remanufacturing returns into as-new products. Remanufactured products have no difference from brand-new products and can be sold in the same market at the same price. The demand is uncertain and sensitive to the selling price, while the return is also stochastic and sensitive to the acquisition price of used products. A mathematical model is developed to maximize the overall profit of the system by simultaneously determining the selling price, the production quantities for brand-new products and remanufactured products, and the acquisition price of used products. Some properties of the problem are analyzed, based on which a solution procedure is presented. Through a numerical example, the impacts of the uncertainties of both demand and return on the production plan, selling price, and the acquisition price of used products are analyzed.     

基于TCM的旅游资源游憩价值评估——以世界文化遗产宏村为例

古村落是一种独特的人文旅游资源,对其游憩价值进行量化评估可为景区(点)的旅游开发和资源保护提供科学依据.基于问卷调查,利用经典的资源价值评估方法--旅行费用法对宏村古村落旅游资源2008年的国内游憩价值进行了核算,结果为23593.14万元,在此基础上对TCM的核算过程进行了评价.     

中国环境污染与经济增长关系的实证分析

运用主成分分析法、格兰杰因果分析法、基于VAR模型的广义脉冲响应函数法与方差分解法对我国1989-2009年期间环境污染与经济增长的动态关系进行了研究.结果表明,经济增长是导致我国环境污染的重要原因,发展经济带来的环境恶化具有滞后性;经济增长的代价是环境污染,且这种交换是一种长期模式.然而,环境污染带来的经济增长却是短暂的,其动力很快将会消失殆尽,并长期反作用于经济增长,制约经济的长期发展.     

玻璃钢管线在英买力潜山原油集输中的应用

埋地管道的腐蚀是影响油气田地面工程安全运行的重要因素之一,玻璃钢管道的非金属特性根除了腐蚀环境的形成,杜绝了管道腐蚀穿孔事件的发生,降低了污染土壤等环境问题发生的机率,塔里木油田管道服役现状、史密斯公司30a的研究结果对此做了充分的诠释。英—红外输油管道和哈森-威廉姆斯公式分别从实践和理论上展示了玻璃钢管卓越的水力特性,英买力潜山玻璃钢管线具有良好的经济和社会效益。     

噻唑类缓蚀剂QADT的合成及缓蚀性能研究＊

以正丙醇、氯气和硫脲合成了2-氨基-5-甲基噻唑,将上述产物作为碱组分,与苯甲醛和苯乙酮反应得到曼尼希碱,最后采用溴代十二烷作为季铵化试剂,制得目标产物溴代2-氨基(1,4-二苯基-3-氧代丁基)-5-甲基噻唑铵(QADT)。静态失重法表明,QADT缓蚀效果显著。当温度为50℃,QADT的用量在200 mg/L时,缓蚀率达到95%以上。     

Anomalous Ba/Ca signals associated with low temperature stresses in Porites corals from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea

Barium to calcium (Ba/Ca) ratio in corals has been considered as a useful geochemical proxy for upwelling, river flood and other oceanic processes. However, recent studies indicated that additional environmental or biological factors can influence the incorporation of Ba into coral skeletons. In this study, Ba/Ca ratios of two Porites corals collected from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea were analyzed. Ba/Ca signals in the two corals were ‘anomalous’ in comparison with Ba behaviors seen in other near-shore corals influenced by upwelling or riverine runoff. Our Ba/Ca profiles displayed similar and remarkable patterns characterized by low and randomly fluctuating background signals periodically interrupted by sharp and large synchronous peaks, clearly indicating an environmental forcing. Further analysis indicated that the Ba/Ca profiles were not correlated with previously claimed environmental factors such as precipitation, coastal upwelling, anthropogenic activities or phytoplankton blooms in other areas. The maxima of Ba/Ca appeared to occur in the period of Sr/Ca maxima, coinciding with the winter minimum temperatures, which suggests that the anomalous high Ba/Ca signals were related to winter-time low sea surface temperature. We speculated that the Ba/Ca peaks in corals of the Daya Bay were most likely the results of enrichment of Ba-rich particles in their skeletons when coral polyps retracted under the stresses of anomalous winter low temperatures. In this case, Ba/Ca ratio in relatively high-latitude corals can be a potential proxy for tracing the low temperature stress.     

Heat of absorption of CO2 in aqueous ammonia and ammonium carbonate/carbamate solutions

A reaction calorimeter was used to determine the enthalpies of absorption of CO₂ in aqueous ammonia and in aqueous solutions of ammonium carbonate at temperatures of 35–80 °C. The heat of absorption of CO₂ with 2.5 wt% aqueous ammonia solution was found to be about 70 kJ/mol CO₂, which is lower than that with MEA (around 85 kJ/mol) at 35 and 40 °C. The value decreases with increased loading, but not to as low a value as expected by the carbonate–bicarbonate reaction (26.88 kJ/mol). The enthalpy of absorption of CO₂ in aqueous ammonia at 60 and 80 °C decreases with loadings at first, then increases between 0.2 mol CO₂/mol NH₃ and 0.6 mol CO₂/mol NH₃, and then decreases again. The behavior of the heat of absorption of CO₂ in 10 wt% ammonium carbonate solution was found to be the same as that of aqueous ammonia at loadings above 0.6 mol CO₂/mol NH₃. The heat of absorption increases with increasing temperature. The heats of absorption are directly related to the extent of the various reactions with CO₂ and can be assessed from the species variation in the liquid phase.