价格体制改革中的环境政策调控

以价格体制改革为主线，着重分析和评价价格体制改革给环境保护工作带来的积极效应和负面影响。依据经济体制改革的客观要求，提出进一步利用价格杠杆加强环境保护工作的措施与方法。     

氯苯类有机物生物降解性及共代谢作用研究

利用测定微生物呼吸耗氧量的方法,对氯苯类中的5种优先污染物：氯苯,邻、间、对－二氯苯,1,2,4－三氯苯的生物降解性能进行测试,比较了它们用不同的驯化污泥试验的生物降解性能差异。结果表明,五种氯苯在各自驯化污泥作用下的降解性易难顺序为：氯苯＞邻二氯苯＞间二氯苯＞对二氯苯＞1,2,4－三氯苯,对于氯苯、邻二氯苯、间二氯苯分别驯化污泥,它们能彼此降解,但不能降解对二氯苯和1,2,4－三氯苯,对于对二氯苯和1,2,4－三氯苯分别驯化污泥,对5种受试有机物都能产生降解作用,且能提高它们的生物降解速率。分析表明,5种受试物诱导产生了两种不同类型的酶系统,共代谢作用在它们的生物降解过程中发挥了重要作用。     

无动力（微动力）除尘技术

无动力或微动力除尘工艺,打破传统的除尘原理,对运输转运系统进行高效除尘,成功地运用于昆钢龙山冶金熔剂矿白云石破碎系统、云锡大屯选厂、昆钢烧结厂等,投资少、除尘效果好、运行费用低。比传统的布袋除尘工艺节省投资约20％,大幅度地节约运行费用。     

论可持续发展与城市发展战略

分析了传统发展观和发展模式存在的局限性和严重缺陷，介绍了可持续发展战略的形成过程，核心思想和基本内涵，以及对未来世界发展的重大影响力。以上海城市发展为对象，提出了建设国际大都市中应当特别重视解决城市规划、产业结构调整、大力发展第三产业、推行工业清洁生产。改善城市能源结构和优先发展城市环境建设等方面重大问题和所应采取的对策措施。     

稠油污泥资源化处理技术研究进展

石油开采和加工过程会产生大量的含油污泥,其成分复杂、稳定性高、处理难度大,已成为影响石油生产的主要污染因素,因此寻找出合理的含油污泥资源化处理技术十分必要。文章综述了稠油污泥的处理方法和不同油田针对其污泥采用的工艺流程,着重介绍了热解处理的原理和试验方法,并且对含油污泥处理技术未来的发展方向做出展望。     

硝化作用对盐碱湿地N2O排放的影响及其环境因子分析

湿地是温室气体氧化亚氮(N_2O)重要的源或汇,盐碱湿地作为湿地的重要组成部分,研究其N_2O排放对于探究盐碱湿地N_2O产生的硝化作用机制及评估其在温室效应中的作用具有重要意义.本文对代表性盐碱湿地——扎龙芦苇沼泽湿地生长季的N_2O释放量及相关环境因子进行了研究.结果表明,生长季N_2O通量呈波动性下降趋势,最大值出现在7月中旬,平均排放通量为(37. 49±15. 75)μg·(m2·h)-1,表现为N_2O的释放"源". N_2O通量与不同深度土层温度存在显著正相关关系(P 0. 05),且上层土温对N_2O排放的影响程度高于深层土;淹水期间N_2O通量与积水深度呈显著负相关关系(P 0. 05);且土壤TOC和TN含量较低,N_2O通量与0～40 cm土层NH+4-N含量呈显著正相关关系(P 0. 05),而与NO-3-N含量没有关系,硝化作用程度要比反硝化强;此外,土壤氨氧化菌活性与0～20 cm土层温度存在极显著正相关关系(P 0. 01),且N_2O通量与氨氧化菌活性也呈极显著的线性正相关关系(P 0. 001),表明盐碱湿地的N_2O释放受硝化作用影响巨大.     

Highly catalytic activity of Mn/SBA-15 catalysts for toluene combustion improved by adjusting the morphology of supports

Rod-like, hexagonal and fiber-like SBA-15 mesoporous silicas were synthesized to support MnO_x for toluene oxidation. This study showed that the morphology of the supports greatly influenced the catalytic activity in toluene oxidation. MnO_x supported on rod-like SBA-15(R-SBA-15) displayed the best catalytic activity and the conversion at 230°C reached more than 90%, which was higher than the other two catalysts. MnO_x species consisted of coexisting MnO_2 and Mn_2O_3 on the three kinds of SBA-15 samples. Large amounts of Mn_2O_3 species were formed on the surface and high oxygen mobility was obtained on MnO_x supported on R-SBA-15, according to the H_2 temperature programmed reduction(H_2-TPR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) results. The Mn/R-SBA-15 catalyst with greater amounts of Mn_2O_3 species possessed a large amount of surface lattice oxygen, which accelerated the catalytic reaction rate. Therefore, the surface lattice oxygen and high oxygen mobility were critical factors on the catalytic activity of the Mn/R-SBA-15 catalyst.     

Arsenic release from arsenic-bearing Fe-Mn binary oxide: effects of E(h) condition

Ferric and manganese binary oxide (FMBO) has been successfully used to remediate arsenic-polluted river, but there still lacks sufficient data to evaluate its effects on environments. The release behaviors of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and arsenic (As) in different E_h ranges were investigated for As-bearing FMBO sediment after remediating As-polluted DaSha River by FMBO. Under high E_h range (+550 to +400 mV), slight dissolution of Fe and Mn, which corresponded to 12.2% and 25.6%, and less than 5% of As release were observed in 336 h. Under lower E_h range (+50 to −100 mV), elevated extent of the dissolution of Mn and Fe were observed, which corresponded to as high as 61.3% and 70.1%. Under such conditions, the dissolution rate of Mn was higher than that of Fe. Furthermore, from the established relationship of As release and the dissolution of Fe and Mn, the release of As seemed dominated by the dissolution of Fe. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrated the release of Fe, Mn, As(III), and As(V) after sodium ascorbate-treatment, and the re-adsorption of As(V), as indicated from the increased binding energy of As 3d from 44.78 to 45.83 eV. Surface element composition analysis indicated significant decrease of Mn from 3.22% to 0.54%, slight increase of Fe from 12.45% to 13.67%, and elevated ratio of As from 0.11% to 0.32% accordingly. The main reactions of Fe and Mn dissolution and the pathways of As release under different E_h ranges were also proposed.     

铁炭微电解法预处理超高盐榨菜腌制废水

超高盐榨菜腌制废水是高盐、高氮磷及高有机物废水,目前常采用生物方法进行处理,但因高污染物浓度及高盐度影响,处理效果不够理想;因此,选用铁炭微电解法对超高盐榨菜腌制废水进行预处理。通过静态烧杯实验,研究了反应时间、初始pH、铁炭体积比和铁水体积比对COD和氨氮去除率的影响。单因素实验的最佳处理条件：原水pH4～4．5,反应时间为30min,铁炭体积比为1：1,铁水体积比为2：1,出水COD和氨氮的去除率分别为57．29％和53．11％,盐度由原水的6．62％下降为3．63％,去除率达45．17％,pH由原水4．01升高为6．38。正交实验结果表明,影响COD和氨氮去除率的因素从大到小的顺序为：铁水体积比、初始pH、反应时间、铁炭体积比。实验表明,采用铁炭微电解法能够对超高盐榨菜腌制废水中的COD和氨氮进行有效去除,出水的pH升高和盐度下降,能满足后续生物处理的预处理要求。     

复合型CoO/TiO2光催化剂降解亚甲基蓝动力学研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶凝胶法,制备了CoO掺杂的TiO2光催化剂。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、紫外可见漫反射（UV-vis DRS）对催化剂进行了分析、表征。以中压汞灯为光源,研究了亚甲基蓝（MB）在CoO/TiO₂微粒水悬浮液中的降解动力学。结果表明：所制备的催化剂活性组分主要是锐钛矿型的二氧化钛和CoO固溶体,粒径为25～30 nm,分布均匀。亚甲基蓝的光催化降解动力学满足一级动力学,在一定的浓度范围内,反应速率常数随初始浓度增大而减少,适当的掺钴量可以有效地提高TiO₂光催化活性,其最佳掺杂量重量百分比为0.25%。