Pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics in livestock manure and manure-amended soils in Jiangsu province,China

The aim of this study was to investigate the pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil of livestock farms in Jiangsu province. This investigation employed solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 53 manure and 50 amended soil samples from 16 livestock farms in Jiangsu province were collected for analysis. In the manure samples, the highest detected frequencies and concentrations were those of tetracyclines (TCs, 54.1 ± 5775.6 μgkg^?1), followed by fluoroquinolones (FQs, 8.4 ± 435.6 μgkg^?1), sulphonamides (SAs, 3.2 ± 5.2 μgkg^?1) and macrolides (MACs, 0.4 ± 110.5 μgkg^?1). Statistical analysis was used to illuminate the pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics for various animal types and different regions in Jiangsu province. The results showed that the pollution level in cow manure was relatively lower compared with pig and chicken manure due to the relative restriction of medication. Furthermore, contamination was serious in amended soil from chicken farms. The pollution level in manure among different regions was higher to the south and north compared with the centre of the region. The same outcome was found for soil. Antibiotic residues in organic fertilizer were also investigated in this study. We found that although the detected concentration was lower in organic fertilizer than in fresh manure, detection frequencies (10–90%) were high, especially for roxithromycin (90%) in MACs (30–90%). This finding suggests attention should be paid to the pollution levels in organic fertilizer. This study is the first extensive investigation of the occurrence and distribution of many kinds of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil from livestock farms of Jiangsu province. This investigation systematically assesses veterinary antibiotics usage and related emissions in southeast China.     

基于ASP的配网业务管理系统的研发及应用

针对配网设备台账管理不规范、业务流程繁琐以及工作效率低的问题,在深入分析原因的基础上,基于动态服务器页面(Active Server Page, ASP)编程,采用Access数据库,研发了配网业务管理系统。应用结果表明:配网业务管理系统规范了配网设备台账和业务流程管理,确保了配网基础数据的准确性、一致性及数据源端唯一性,提高了配电网精益化管理水平,为配网基础管理工作提供了技术支持和应用平台。     

基于物联网技术的特种设备监检移动办公系统开发

为了使特种设备监察、检验、作业过程更加规范、高效,提出了将物联网技术应用于特种设备监管办公的方案,开发了实际可用的便携式电梯监检移动办公系统.该系统利用射频卡标识电梯和作业人员,实现了和管理对象的直接交互;采用无线通信网络建立手持终端机与管理系统后台服务器之间的通信,实现特种设备现场与特种设备监察检验管理系统的实时交互.运行测试结果显示,利用监检移动办公系统手持机可以在现场认证作业人员资质、现场查询设备详细信息和现场出具检验报告,并且运行稳定可靠,实现了特种设备监察、检验、作业过程的自动识别和实时、远程管理.     

数值模拟技术在某爆燃事故致因分析中的应用

调查和分析火灾爆燃事故致因因素,明确事故发生原因,对做好事前预防、减少人员伤亡和财产损失等均具有重要作用和意义.通过计算机数值模拟技术,对一起火灾爆燃事故中的两个可能起火点火势蔓延情况进行再现,研究分析其燃烧速率、热释放速率、温度分布、速度矢量等参数和火势发展的动态模拟图像,并结合现场勘查、调查走访情况,进行相互对比认证,确定准确的起火点,最终找到导致爆燃事故发生的真正原因.     

水环境中铬的存在形态及迁移转化规律

综合评述了水环境中铬的存在形态、污染特征及其迁移转化规律的研究现状.水体中铬主要是三价和六价,存在形态分为溶解态、离子交换态、有机结合态、无机沉淀态、残留态,迁移转化过程主要是水解、沉淀、络合、吸附和氧化还原等.对铬在水体中迁移和转化过程的动力学模型进行了论述.     

广州市环境监测管理信息化建设中若干问题探讨

以广州市环境监测中心站推进信息化的实践为例，重点对环境监测管理信息化规划、开发和应用3个环节所涉及的信息化进程路线、应用系统开发的需求分析和推广应用等问题进行了一些探讨，提出切合自身的解决思路或办法。     

CDM Project Activities in China＇s Iron and Steel Industry：Current Status,Barriers and Development Strategies

China is now facing huge pressure from both the domestic concern of energy security and the global community's call for emission reduction commitment. As one of the major energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitters, China's iron and steel industry has a huge clean development mechanism (CDM) potential. This article both quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the current status of CDM project activities in the iron and steel industry in China, including characteristics of approved project types, applicable methodologies, and potential technology fields. From the perspective of project implementation, the article summarizes development barriers such as high investment risk, difficulty in project identification, strict requirements on PPDs, long registration waiting time, and etc. Policy suggestions are also put forwarded to help better promote the development of CDM projects in the iron and steel industry.     

污泥膨胀状态下原生动物群落结构分析

系统研究了丝状菌膨胀与非丝状菌膨胀2种典型污泥状态下原生动物的群落结构特征及其演变规律。伴随丝状菌的大量增殖,原生动物总量相应减少,匍匐型纤毛虫及有壳类肉足虫数量迅速上升,占据明显的优势地位,典型原生动物为斜管虫（Chilodonella sp.）、小轮毛虫（Trochilia minuta）以及匣壳虫（Centropyxis sp.）;非丝状菌污泥膨胀对原生动物总量及种群结构影响较小,伴随粘性菌胶团的大量出现,各功能类群的比例变化较小,但原生动物总量持续增加,其中菌食性纤毛虫呈线性增加,典型原生动物为钟虫（Vorticella sp.）。     

木棉基活性炭纤维吸附性能的研究

采用浸渍(NH₄)₂HPO₄化学活化法650℃时制备得到3种新型木棉基活性炭纤维,即只浸渍不预氧化方法处理的AK1(activated kapok),先浸渍后预氧化的AK-2和先预氧化后浸渍的AK-3。利用制备得到的活性炭纤维处理苯酚和亚甲基蓝的模拟废水,AK-2具有苯酚最大吸附量(137.00 mg/g),AK-1具有亚甲基蓝最大吸附量(274.11 mg/g)。吸附苯酚时,在静态平衡实验中,更符合Freundlich吸附等温线;在动力学实验中,更符合准一级反应。吸附亚甲基蓝时,在静态平衡实验中,AK-1更符合Langmuir模型,AK-2 、AK-3更符合Freundlich吸附等温线;在动力学实验中,更符合准二级反应。     

青海省生态环境监测现状与建议

3C章阐述了青海省生态环境监测的现状分析了存在的问题提出了改进的建议。