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91.
Grzegorz Owczarek Adam Pościk Zygmunt Kubacki Maciej Karolewski 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):277-284
With the help of the research results presented here and on the basis of a graphic analysis we aim to prove the existence of a relationship between the difference in prismatic refractive power and the thickness, curvature radius, and type of material used for panoramic oculars in protective spectacles, goggles, and face shields. The difference in the prismatic refractive power is a fundamental optical characteristic of a protective ocular without corrective effect. According to Standard No. EN 165:1995 (European Committee for Standardization, 1995) the difference in the prismatic refractive power is a difference in the prismatic effect at 2 observation points of an eye-protector. 相似文献
92.
Dominika Saniewsk Magdalena Beldowsk Jacek Beldowski Micha? Saniewski Justyna Kwa′sniak Lucyna Falkowska 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(8):1144-1150
The aim of this study was to characterize mercury (Hg) contamination in the coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea, and to
investigate transformations of Hg in the initial links of the marine food chain. Concentrations of Hg in water, particulate matter,
plankton and macrophytes at various stations in the coastal zone (a bay with restricted water exchange, near an industrial city, river
mouths, and the open sea) were measured in 2006–2008. Hg concentrations observed in the Southern Baltic varied greatly, showing
the highest average values in all environmental compartments near the river mouths. In shallow, sheltered parts of the gulf, where water
exchange is restricted, Hg concentrations in the water and in macrophytes were elevated relative to those in the coastal zone of the
deeper part of the bay and in the open Baltic. Distance to the river mouth, terrestrial runo , and quantity and quality of organic matter
were more important than seasonal variations in controlling Hg and HgSPM concentrations in water samples. Mercury concentrations in
the surface microlayer at the air/sea interface were over 10 times higher than those in the bulk surface water. Concentrations of Hg in
macrophytes in the winter were significantly higher than those in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn). This was probably the
combined e ect of higher availability of Hg in porewaters and leaf growth inhibition. 相似文献
93.
About 17 years after the Chernobyl accident, lichen samples were collected in an alpine region in Austria (Bad Gastein), which was heavily contaminated by the Chernobyl fallout. Measured 137Cs activity concentrations in selected lichens (Cetraria islandica, Cetraria cucullata, and Cladonia arbuscula) ranged from 100 to 1100 Bq kg(-1) dry weight, depending on lichen species and sampling site. Ecological half-lives for 137Cs in different lichen samples, obtained by comparison with earlier measurements of the same lichen species at the same site, ranged from 2 to 6 years, with average values between 3 and 4 years. Comparison with earlier studies indicated that ecological half-lives hardly changed during the last 10 years, suggesting that ecological clearance mechanisms (e.g. washout or soil transfer) did not vary substantially at the selected sampling area. 相似文献
94.
Roman Schoula Jana Hajšloviá Pavel Gregor Vladimir Kocourek Vladimir Bencko 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-2):263-274
The persistence of lipophilic organochlorine substances leads to their incorporation into the food chain and subsequent uptake by humans. Due to their use in the past, Czech and Slovak countries belong to the countries with a relatively high body burden of organochlorines. Levels of PCBs in human tissues based on the congener‐specific analysis are reported in this paper. Samples were analysed for the most abundant PCB congeners. Prevalent persistent organochlorine pesticides and their isomers/metabolites have also been included. The present study is focused on following areas: i) distribution of analysed substances in the various human tissue samples from selected regions of the Czech and Slovak Republic and ii) comparison with the results from other foreign and local studies. 相似文献
95.
In the present study, we focus on the analysis of the volatile organic compound (VOC) contents in the grain of a representative set of winter wheat cultivars grown in Central Europe. The cultivars were grown in control conditions or were inoculated with the fungus Fusarium culmorum. In the analysed samples, hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, aromatics, terpenes and others were found. Among them, results for terpenes seem particularly important. The discriminant analysis allowed complete separation of the quality groups of wheat based on VOCs. Simultaneously, a genetic matrix was created based on the genetic distance between the wheat cultivars and the Mantel test was used to compare it with the VOC matrix. The analysis revealed relationships between the genetic matrix and the overall VOCs, as well as terpenes. The obtained results indicate a significant relationship between microorganisms that exist in the environment, genetic features of plants and VOCs formed in the grain. 相似文献
96.
Kleszcz Krzysztof Karoń Iwona Zagrodzki Paweł Paśko Paweł 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(5):1801-1809
52 coal ash samples from individual households were analyzed to determine the pH and the concentrations of four toxic elements: arsenic, cadmium, lead and thallium. The method used was atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite-furnace atomization. The ash samples originated from various coal grades and statistical analysis showed existing correlations between the concentrations of studied elements, pH and the coal grades. The maximum concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead and thallium were 50,900, 43,500, 128,900, and 6660 µg/kg, respectively. The results were compared with the published data for the ash of industrial origin.
相似文献97.
Roman Ashauer 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(9):1325-9792
Toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models simulate the time-course of toxicant concentration in the organism and toxicity at the level of the organism. A link between TKTD models that simulate survival and individual based models for populations (IBMs) is proposed which allows TKTD parameters to vary between individuals. The TKTD-IBM predicts different survival in response to toxicants when TKTD parameters vary amongst individuals compared to the survival predicted with fixed TKTD parameters. The model with fixed parameters represents the concept of stochastic death whereas the model with variable parameters behaves, at least partly, according to the individual tolerance distribution concept. The whole set of TKTD parameters of an individual can be interpreted as constituting “individual tolerance”. 相似文献
98.
Scents form the basis for the fragrance industry and various research activities have been developed in different scientific
disciplines all being linked by a common interest in odors and odor perception. In this paper, four different topics have
been selected for a short discussion. Following a short overview on the history of perfumery, the first topic (Natural scents)
is providing some insight into the investigation of natural scents and how this work has strongly stimulated fragrance creation
as well as the quest to find new odoriferous substances for the perfumer’s palette. The second subject (Fragrance chemistry)
gives a historical overview over the chemistry of fragrances and briefly describes the rational behind the synthesis and composition
of new scents. Body odors and their biochemical formation concern the third topic (Body odor biochemistry) which describes
our current understanding of this scientifically interesting field and how knowledge may find use to improve future deodorant
products. The fourth subject (Olfactory mechanisms) deals with the biochemistry in the human nose when odorants are activating
olfactory receptors and enzymes appear to rapidly metabolize the inhaled odorous stimuli. This review does not attempt to
be comprehensive, but it describes selected successes in the fragrance industry and the motivation behind conducting various
types of research. Ultimately, the activities are aiming to bring new ingredients onto the market and improve the quality
of scented products but also to advance our understanding of the power of communication through fragrance. 相似文献
99.
Przylibski TA Zebrowski A Karpińska M Kapała J Kozak K Mazur J Grządziel D Mamont-Cieśla K Stawarz O Kozłowska B Kłos B Dorda J Wysocka M Olszewski J Dohojda M 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(8):735-741
The paper presents the results of year-long measurements of radon (222Rn) concentration inside 129 buildings in Poland in relation to the geological conditions of their foundation. The authors took into account the division of the country into tectonic units, as well as the lithology of the rocks forming the bedrock of these buildings. As expected, the highest value of mean annual 222Rn concentration (845 Bq/m3) was recorded in a building situated in the area of the Sudetes, while the highest geometric mean (characteristic of the expected log-normal data distribution) was calculated based on measurements from buildings located within the East-European craton, in the area of Mazury-Podlasie monocline, where it reached 231 Bq/m3. Such results reflect geological conditions - the occurrence of crystalline rocks (especially U- and Ra-enriched granites and orthogneisses) on the surface in the Sudetes, and of young post-glacial sediments containing fragments of Scandinavian crystalline rocks, also enriched with U and Ra, in the area of Mazury-Podlasie monocline. However, the least expected result of the investigations was finding out that, contrary to the hitherto widespread belief, none of the major tectonic units of Poland can be excluded from the list of those containing buildings with mean annual 222Rn concentration exceeding 200 Bq/m3. The mean annual concentration of radon for all the buildings were much higher than the mean concentration value (49.1 Bq/m3) of indoor radon in Poland quoted so far. These results cast a completely new light on the necessity to perform measurements of radon concentration in residential buildings in Poland, no more with reference to small areas with outcrops of crystalline rocks (especially the Sudetes, being the Polish fragment of the European Variscan belt), but for all the major tectonic units within Poland. 相似文献
100.
Raysoni AU Sarnat JA Sarnat SE Garcia JH Holguin F Luèvano SF Li WW 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2476-2486
Paired indoor and outdoor concentrations of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM), PM2.5 reflectance [black carbon(BC)], and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were determined for sixteen weeks in 2008 at four elementary schools (two in high and two in low traffic density zones) in a U.S.-Mexico border community to aid a binational health effects study. Strong spatial heterogeneity was observed for all outdoor pollutant concentrations. Concentrations of all pollutants, except coarse PM, were higher in high traffic zones than in the respective low traffic zones. Black carbon and NO2 appear to be better traffic indicators than fine PM. Indoor air pollution was found to be well associated with outdoor air pollution, although differences existed due to uncontrollable factors involving student activities and building/ventilation configurations. Results of this study indicate substantial spatial variability of pollutants in the region, suggesting that children’s exposures to these pollutants vary based on the location of their school. 相似文献