全文获取类型
收费全文 | 713篇 |
免费 | 50篇 |
国内免费 | 176篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 76篇 |
废物处理 | 45篇 |
环保管理 | 55篇 |
综合类 | 349篇 |
基础理论 | 101篇 |
污染及防治 | 222篇 |
评价与监测 | 34篇 |
社会与环境 | 36篇 |
灾害及防治 | 21篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 49篇 |
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 34篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 40篇 |
2015年 | 47篇 |
2014年 | 41篇 |
2013年 | 61篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 64篇 |
2010年 | 45篇 |
2009年 | 46篇 |
2008年 | 45篇 |
2007年 | 47篇 |
2006年 | 27篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 21篇 |
2003年 | 16篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 12篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有939条查询结果,搜索用时 49 毫秒
631.
Xiaofeng Guo Hongsheng Zhang Ling Kang Jinlin Du Wanbiao Li Yuanjing Zhu 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2007,7(5):421-437
Micrometeorological measurements were made over an irrigated rice paddy during the Huaihe River Basin Experiment (HUBEX) in
1999. This study addresses the quality control and gap filling strategy for the heat fluxes with the Bowen ratio energy balance
(BREB) method. It also endeavors to benefit future studies through comparing five methodologies to estimate the net water
exchange. First, a three-step quality control strategy is constructed. Its first two steps guarantee the correct flux directions
and reject suspicious data, respectively. The third step forbids supersaturation by considering the Bowen ratio ranges for
different flux combinations (termed as “scenarios”). The quality-controlled latent heat (LE) and sensible heat (H) fluxes fall in three scenarios, namely I (LE > 0, H > 0), II (LE > 0, H < 0), and IV (LE < 0, H < 0). Second, the Priestley–Taylor evaporation model (PTEM) is applied to fill the gaps of LE, while the energy balance relationship is used to gap-fill H, namely H = R
N
− G − LE (R
N
: net radiation; G: soil heat flux). Central to the success of this strategy is the idea to calibrate the Priestley–Taylor parameter (α) in
a scenario-specific manner. On average, α values are calibrated as 1.20 and 1.35 for scenario I and II, respectively. For
scenario IV, most α values lie in a narrow range, namely from 0.9 to 1.0. Then, α is calibrated as 0.97 to extend the applicability
of the PTEM to condensation (negative LE). The scenario-specific treatment explicitly explains the diurnal variation of α derived without distinguishing the scenarios.
Third, five methodologies are compared in the calculation of net water exchange, including PTEM-gap-filled BREB method (M1),
energy-balance-based eddy covariance method (M2), and three simplified models to estimate LE, respectively as R
N
− H, R
N
− G, and R
N
. A major finding is that G and H have a similar effect of about 3% in the net water exchange. Thus, if either is neglected, the net evaporation should be
slightly lowered to avoid overestimate, by 3% as a rule of thumb from this work. 相似文献
632.
Competitive adsorption characteristics of Co2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+ by IRN-77 cation exchange resin in synthesized wastewater 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Adsorption properties of Co2+, Ni2+, and Cr3+ on an Amberlite IRN-77 cation exchange resin were investigated in batch systems. Levels of adsorption rapidly approached an equilibrium state within 1 h. The adsorption characteristics of each metal onto the resin were accurately represented by Langmuir isotherms. Co2+ and Ni2+, which have an equivalent electrovalence, displayed similar levels of adsorption onto the resin when they coexisted in the solution. However, when Cr3+ was added to the solution it competitively replaced Co2+ and Ni2+ ions that had been previously adsorbed onto the resin, resulting in the desorption of these metals into the solution. The result was likely due to a higher adsorption affinity of Cr3+ relative to Co2+ and Ni2+. This implies that interactively competitive adsorption of multi-cations onto the resin should be thoroughly considered when contemplating the efficient operation of an ion exchange process in the treatment of industrial wastewater. 相似文献
633.
634.
Hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effect of three Cd levels on glutathione (GSH), free amino acids (FAA), and ascorbic acid (ASA) concentration in the different tissues of 2 barley cultivars with different Cd tolerance. Cadmium concentration in both roots and shoots increased with external Cd level, while biomass and ASA concentration declined, and Wumaoliuling, a Cd-sensitive genotype was more affected than ZAU 3, a Cd-tolerant genotype. The effect of Cd on GSH concentration was dose- and time-dependent. In the 5 d exposure, root GSH concentration increased in 0.5 microM Cd treatment compared with control, but decreased significantly in 5 microM Cd treatment, irrespective of genotypes. However, in the 10 d exposure, GSH concentration in all plant tissues decreased with increasing Cd levels in the culture medium, and Wumaoliuling was much more affected than ZAU 3. Cadmium treatment greatly altered FAA concentration and composition in plants. The effect of Cd on glutathione (Glu) concentration in roots varied with genotypes. ZAU 3 showed a steady increase in root Glu concentration in both 0.5 and 5 microM Cd treatments, while Wumaoliuling was decreased by 38.0% in 5 microM Cd treatment, compared with the control. The results indicate that GSH and ASA are attributed to Cd tolerance in barley plants, and the relative less reduction in GSH concentration in ZAU 3 under Cd stress relative to the control may account for its higher Cd tolerance. 相似文献
635.
636.
Three study areas of Kwanak campus (Seoul National University), Boeun (Choongbuk) and Gapyung (Kyonggi) were selected and classified according to their bedrock types in order to investigate soil–gas radon concentrations. The mean values of radon concentrations decreased in the order of Gapyung (40BqL–1) > Kwanak campus (30BqL–1) > Boeun (22BqL–1), and decreased in the order of granite gneiss > banded gneiss > granite > black slate–shale > mica schist > shale–limestone > phyllite schist according to bed rock types. Variation in radon emanation with water content in soils and with soil grain size was assessed by the modified Morse (1976) 3min method. Soil–gas radon concentrations increased with increasing water content in the range of less than about 6–16wt.%, but decreased above 6–16wt.%. Radon concentrations also increased with decreasing soil grain size. Radioactivity analysis of radionuclides of 238U series in some soil samples indicated their possible radioactive disequilibrium between 226Ra and 238U due to the differing geochemical behaviour of intermediate radionuclides. Thus, a radioactive isotope geochemical approach should be necessary for soil–gas radon study. 相似文献
637.
Seasonality of carbonaceous aerosol composition and light absorption properties in Karachi, Pakistan
Pengfei Chen Shichang Kang Chaman Gul Lekhendra Tripathee Xiaoxiang Wang Zhaofu Hu Chaoliu Li Tao Pu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(4):286-296
Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol(CA) and its light absorption properties are limited in Karachi,which is one of the most polluted metropolitan cities in South Asia.This study presents a comprehensive measurement of seasonality of CA compositions and mass absorption cross-section(MAC) of elemental carbon(EC) and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC) in total suspended particles(TSP) collected from February 2015 to March 2017 in the southwest part of Karachi.The average TSP,organic carbon(OC),and EC concentrations were extremely high with values as 391.0±217.0,37.2±28.0,and 8.53±6.97 μg/m~3,respectively.These components showed clear seasonal variations with high concentrations occurring during fall and winter followed by spring and summer.SO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,K~+,and NH_4~+showed similar variations with CA,implying the significant influence on atmospheric pollutants from anthropogenic activities.Relatively lower OC/EG ratio(4.20±2.50)compared with remote regions further indicates fossil fuel combustion as a primary source of CA.Meanwhile,sea salt and soil dust are important contribution sources for TSP.The average MAC of EC(632 nm) and WSOC(365 nm) were 6.56±2.70 and 0.97±0.37 m~2/g,respectively.MAC_(EC) is comparable to that in urban areas but lower than that in remote regions,indicating the significant influence of local emissions.MACwsoc showed opposite distribution with EC,further suggesting that OC was significantly affected by local fossil fuel combustion.In addition,dust might be an important factor increasing MACwsoc particularly during spring and summer. 相似文献
638.
Shiwei Sun Shichang Kang Junming Guo Qianggong Zhang Rukumesh Paudyal Xuejun Sun Dahe Qin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(6):130-142
The Tibetan Plateau(TP) is recognized as "Water Tower of Asia". Yet our understanding of mechanisms influencing incorporation of mercury(Hg) into freshwater in mountain glaciers on the TP remains quite limited. Extensive sampling of environmental matrices(e.g., snow/ice)were conducted on the East Rongbuk glacier on Mt. Everest and Zhadang glacier on Mt.Nyainqentanglha for Hg speciation analysis. Speciated Hg behaved quite different during snowmelt: a preferential early release of DHg(dissolved Hg) was observed at the onset of snowmelt, whereas PHg(particulate-bound Hg) and THg(total Hg) become relatively enriched in snow and released later. Small fraction of Hg in snow was lost during a snowmelt day(18.9%–34.7%) with a large proportion(58.1%–87.3%) contributed by PHg decrease, indicating that the deposited Hg is most likely retained in glacier snow/ice. Furthermore, THg were positively correlated with PHg and crustal major ions(e.g., Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+)) during snowmelt, indicating that Hg is mainly migrated with particulates. The main pathway of Hg loss during snowmelt was most probably associated with release of PHg with meltwater, which was greatly influenced by ablation intensity of snow/ice. This should be paid particular concern as Hg preserved in mountain glaciers will mostly enter aquatic ecosystem as climate warms, impacting on downstream ecosystems adversely. Obvious decrease of THg during the downstream transport from glacier was observed with a large proportion contributed by PHg decrease. The main removal mechanism of Hg was associated with sedimentation of PHg during the transport process. 相似文献
639.
640.
Herein,palygorskite(PAL)was activated via a simple hydrothermal process in the presence of ammonium sulfide,and the effects of activation on the microstructure,physico-chemical feature and adsorption behaviors of PAL were intensively investigated.The hydrothermal process evidently improved the dispersion of PAL crystal bundles,increased surface negative charges and built more active –Si–O-groups served as the new"adsorption sites".The adsorption property of the activated PAL for Methyl Violet(MV)was systematically investigated by optimizing the adsorption variables,including p H,ionic strength,contact time and initial MV concentration.The activated PAL exhibited a superior adsorption capability to the raw PAL for the removal of MV(from 156.05 to 218.11 mg/g).The kinetics for MV adsorption followed pseudo second-order kinetic models,while the isotherm and thermodynamics results showed that the adsorption pattern well followed the Langmuir model.The structure analysis of PAL before and after adsorption demonstrated that electrostatic interaction and chemical association of –X–O-are the prominent driving forces for the adsorption process. 相似文献