成都平原典型区地下水污染时空异质性及污染源分析

成都平原地下水是该地区生活、工农业生产用水的重要来源,但由于长期过量使用化肥,以及畜禽养殖、乡镇企业及生活污废水的无组织排放,已对该区地下水环境构成了威胁.本研究选取成都平原某典型城镇农村区进行不同时季地下水水质监测分析,并联合ArcGIS空间分析技术、相关矩阵分析和主成分分析(PCA),以揭示研究区地下水水质时空异质性、污染影响因素、潜在污染源及污染源时季变化规律.结果表明,研究区"三氮"(NO~-_3、NO~-_2、NH~+_4)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、氯离子(Cl~-)、硫酸根离子(SO■)存在不同程度的超标,其中,氨氮(NH~+_4)超标最为突出;地下水中氨氮含量及"三氮"之间的转化主要受土地利用类型、地下水铁锰分布及含水层氧化还原条件的影响.PCA结果显示,农业活动、生活污水和工业排放是造成研究区地下水污染的主要影响因素,从春季到夏季地下水污染源由生活污染为主转向农业污染为主,冬季地下水污染源以生活和工业源为主.ArcGIS空间分析和PCA分析的结合,有助于探讨地下水水质及潜在污染源的时季变化规律,可为地下水环境保护、污染控制和减缓方案制定提供理论依据.     

Coal utilization in China: environmental impacts and human health

Coal is one of the major energy resources in China, accounting for approximately 70 % of primary energy consumption. Many environmental problems and human health risks arise during coal exploitation, utilization, and waste disposal, especially in the remote mountainous areas of western China (e.g., eastern Yunnan, western Guizhou and Hubei, and southern Shaanxi). In this paper, we report a thorough review of the environmental and human health impacts related to coal utilization in China. The abundance of the toxic trace elements such as F, As, Se, and Hg in Chinese coals is summarized. The environmental problems (i.e., water, soil, and air pollution) that are related to coal utilization are outlined. The provenance, distributions, typical symptoms, sources, and possible pathways of endemic fluorosis, arsenism, and selenosis due to improper coal usage (briquettes mixed with high-F clay, mineralized As-rich coal, and Se-rich stone coal) are discussed in detail. In 2010, 14.8, 1.9 million, and 16,000 Chinese people suffered from dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and arsenism, respectively. Finally, several suggestions are proposed for the prevention and treatment for endemic problems caused by coal utilization.     

香港地区2005—2010年VOCs污染来源解析及特征研究

利用香港地区2005-2010年连续实时监测的挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)组分浓度数据,运用CMB和UNMIX受体模型综合分析了香港地区VOCs主要污染来源及年变化趋势和季节变化规律.结果表明:溶剂使用、机动车尾气排放和液化石油气(LPG)是香港地区主要的VOCs污染源.在2005-2010年间,机动车尾气排放对VOCs贡献呈缓慢增加趋势,溶剂使用的贡献率逐渐降低,天然源的贡献率基本稳定.溶剂使用、机动车尾气和LPG源冬季贡献最大,夏季最低,天然源则在夏季贡献最大.两种模型解析结果有一定的差异,显示源解析结果受较多因素影响.为确保结果的准确性,建议采用两种或以上的模型对受体点数据进行污染来源解析.     

固体电解质SO_2（SO_3）传感器测定烟道气中的SO_2

本文论述了利用北京科技大学研制的固体电解质ＳＯ２（ＳＯ３）传感器对测定烟道气中的ＳＯ２进行的研究。利用该传感器测定烟道气中的ＳＯ２,其测量范围为：５０—１７０００ｍｇ／ｍ３,相对标准偏差小于４．０％。因而具有测量范围宽,精确度高以及稳定性好的特点。设计的试验样机的总体噪声和漂移小于１．０ｍｇ／ｍ３,同时具有体积小．重量轻和操作简单的特点。     

Severe air pollution and characteristics of light-absorbing particles in a typical rural area of the Indo-Gangetic Plain

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Total suspended particles (TSP) were collected in Lumbini from April 2013 to March 2016 to better understand the characteristics of carbonaceous...     

A comparison study of the potential risks induced in arable land and forest soils by carcass-derived pollutants

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Improper decisions concerning animal carcass disposal sites pose grave threats to environmental biosecurity. However, only a few studies have focused on the...     

Clay mineral adsorbents for heavy metal removal from wastewater: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Heavy metal pollution such as water contamination by Pb, Hg, Cu, Cd and Cr ions is induced by rapid urbanization and industrialization and is a major threat to...     

Preparation and uranium (VI) biosorption for tri-amidoxime modified marine fungus material

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The preparation, characterization, and uranium (VI) adsorption properties of tri-amidoxime modified marine fungus material (ZZF51-GPTS-EDA-AM/ZGEA)...     

Correlation study of hazardous waste characteristics among various chemical processes in Republic of Korea

To harmonize with international standards, the Republic of Korea is in the process of converting its current hazardous waste classification system and setting up regulatory standards for all toxic substances present in hazardous waste. Detailed characterization of each form of hazardous waste belonging to five chemical processes and their correlations were studied. In the present work, the concentrations of 13 heavy metals, F^?, CN^?, 7 PAH compounds, total PCDD/F and 7 PCB isomers present in the hazardous waste generated among chemical processes such as synthetic rubber (SR), man-made fibers (MF), organic dyes and pigments (DP), pharmaceuticals and cosmetics were analyzed along with their leaching characteristics. Comparing all the processes, most of the heavy metal concentrations were high in SR waste. Naphthalene was the dominant PAH in most of the chemical process waste. PCDD/F concentrations of the samples were in the range of 0.001–0.003 ng I-TEQ/g. PCB isomer-101 and isomer-118 were found to be slightly higher than the permissible limit in the SR filter cake sample. SR process wastes doesn’t show any resemblance with the other process waste in either the heavy metals and PAH trend. Each sample from DP and MF were suitable only for hazardous waste landfill.