高效降酚菌株JY03的筛选及其降解特性研究

从绝缘材料厂排放的工业废水中分离得到一株能高效降解苯酚的菌株JY03,最高可耐受1.5 g/L的苯酚。通过形态观察、生理生化分析和16S rRNA序列分析,初步鉴定该菌属于棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium sp. JY03)。JY03对苯酚降解最适条件为pH 7.5,温度32℃,苯酚浓度为0.6 g/L,时间为36 h,接种量6%,其降解率可达98.6%。该菌株在高效处理含酚废水方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

Effects of initial particle sizes of Triarrhena lutarioriparia on processing performance,material properties,and heavy metal speciation in sewage sludge composting

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of initial particle size (IPS) on the environmental parameters and heavy metal speciation...     

Cooperative identification for critical periods and critical source areas of nonpoint source pollution in a typical watershed in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Critical periods (CPs) and critical source areas (CSAs) refer to the high-risk periods and areas of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in a watershed,...     

Cause analysis of the fire and explosion during crude oil desulfurization in China

A serious fire and explosion accident that resulted in massive crude oil leakage and severe environmental pollution occurred on 16 July, 2010, in Dalian Port, China. To investigate the root cause of accident and conduct a wide-range investigation, desulfurizing agent JH02, which has a similar ingredient to the desulfurizing agent HD used in Dalian Port, and TS02 were employed in this study to determine the role of desulfurizing agents in the accident. The thermal behavior of crude oil, desulfurizing agents, and their mixtures was measured by using a C80 calorimeter. By using the calorimetric data, the kinetic parameters of the chemical reaction, such as activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and self-accelerating decomposition temperature of crude oil, as well as JH02, TS02, and their mixtures, were calculated and compared. The results indicated that the direct cause of the accident was the thermal runaway initiated by the increasing instability of the crude oil–desulfurizing agent mixture. Excess pressure in the oil pipeline triggered the physical explosion, but it alone was not enough to cause a serious damage. Furthermore, a stable desulfurizing agent such as TS02 could not ensure a safe desulfurizing process. The results of this study would benefit the safety management of desulfurizing processes during production and storage.     

Population Dynamics of Escherichia coli in Surface Water1

Bucci, Vanni, Marin Vuli?, Xiaodan Ruan, and Ferdi L. Hellweger, 2011. Population Dynamics of Escherichia coli in Surface Water. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(3):611‐619. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00528.x Abstract: Present models of the fate of enteric bacteria in surface water usually assume simple first‐order decay. However, observed decay kinetics are typically biphasic and there is increasing evidence for growth in the ambient environment. These features are similar to the stationary phase of long‐term batch cultures, where the dynamics are the result of repeated cycles of population takeovers by Growth Advantage in Stationary Phase (GASP) mutants able to scavenge nutrients released from dead cells. We investigated the possible role of this mechanism (i.e., growth of an adapted subpopulation) in surface water using laboratory experiments with various strains of Escherichia coli in different types of water. Addition of ampicillin (which only kills dividing cells) to these cultures caused a decrease in the total cell density, demonstrating the presence of a growing subpopulation. Furthermore, long‐term survivors from surface water cultures outcompete naïve cells and take over the population in surface water. This growth advantage is heritable (i.e., aged strains were isolated from a single cell) and consistent with the GASP mechanism, although the responsible loci were not identified. Our results show that E. coli populations in surface water are dynamic and consist of dying naïve cells and growing surface water adapted cells. These results can explain the apparent biphasic decay pattern observed in laboratory experiments. This mechanism may also be important in the ambient environment.     

农村主要环境问题与对策措施探讨

农村环境问题,主要源于老百姓的日常生活和农业生产中农用化学物资的使用,畜禽养殖业和乡镇企业的污染以及资源的不合理开发利用而带来的生态破坏。为此,应该从环保宣传入手,提高农民的环保意识,尤其是提高农村中小学生的环保意识,进而带动家长影响社会,倡导科学使用农用化学物资,实施规模化养殖,鼓励农村废物综合利用,实行资源无害化处理,强化乡镇企业的环境监管,注重发展生态农业,从而在提高农民生活水平中,实现生态保护与农村经济发展双赢。     

城市土壤重金属污染来源研究

随着城市工业化和城市化进程的不断深入,人们越来越关注城市土壤重金属污染的问题.本文介绍了城市土壤的概念,城市土壤重金属污染的特征及其危害.重点从工业、交通、大气沉降、农用物资等自然和人为污染来源,探讨城市土壤重金属污染来源的种类和特点,并提出了城市土壤重金属污染的生物效应与食品安全、土壤重金属迁移转化规律、同位素地球化学示踪方法和城市土壤数据库建设等方面的研究展望,以期为城市土壤重金属污染的相关研究、环境改善管理和决策提供参考依据.     

Comparison of two methods for detection of fecal indicator bacteria used in water quality monitoring of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Scientifically sound methods to rapidly measure fecal indicator bacteria are important to ensure safe water for drinking and recreational purposes.A total of 200 water samples obtained from the Three Gorges Reservoir during three successive one-year study periods(October 2009 to September 2012) were analyzed using multiple-tube fermentation(MTF)and most probable numbers combined with polymerase chain reaction(MPN–PCR).The MPN–PCR method was found to be significantly more sensitive than the MTF method for detecting Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.,and of equal sensitivity for detecting total coliforms when all surface water samples were grouped together.The two analytical methods had a strong,significant relationship,but MPN–PCR took only 12–18 hr,compared with the 3–8 days needed using the MTF method.Bacterial concentrations varied per sampling site but were significantly lower in the mainstream of the Yangtze River than those in the backwater areas of tributaries.The water quality of 85.8% of water samples from the mainstream was suitable for use as a centralized potable water source,while the water quality of 52.5% of water samples from the backwater areas was unsuitable for recreational activities.Relationships between fecal indicator bacteria showed significant correlation(r = 0.636–0.909,p 0.01,n = 200),while a weak but significant correlation was found between fecal indicators and water turbidity,water temperature,daily inflow,and total dissolved solids(r = 0.237–0.532,p 0.05,n = 200).The study indicated that MPN–PCR is a rapid and easily performed deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)-based method for quantitative detection of viable total coliforms,E.coli,and Enterococcus spp.in surface water.     

武汉工业大学水泵房噪声治理

分析了水泵房噪声产生的机理,提出以隔声为主,辅以消声、吸声、绿化等综合治理措施,实现了治理达标目的。     

改性聚合硫酸铁的絮凝特性及其应用

本文较详细地介绍了改性聚合硫酸铁的絮凝机理、净水性能、质量指标、应用范畴及其注意事项,并使用珠江水对几种主要的无机高分子絮凝剂进行了性能测试,结果表明,改性聚合硫酸铁的生产成本最低,净水效果却最显著.