微波/活性炭/双氧水协同降解甲基红废水的研究

对微波/活性炭/双氧水联合降解甲基红染料废水进行了研究。考察了活性炭量、双氧水量、甲基红初始浓度、微波功率、pH以及处理时间等因素对甲基红降解效果的影响。结果表明,对于100 mL 100 mg/L甲基红溶液,当加入0.5 g活性炭,1 mL 30%H₂O₂,调节微波功率至680 W,反应25 min后,甲基红降解率达到81.87%。通过对比试验,发现微波、活性炭及双氧水对甲基红的降解起协同作用。     

Bioaugmentation and quorum sensing disruption as solutions to increase nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors treating nitrate-rich wastewater

Bioaugmentation of denitrifying bacteria can serve as a promising technique to improve nutrient removal during wastewater treatment. While denitrification inhibition by bacterial quorum sensing(QS) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been indicated, the application of bacterial QS disruption to improve nitrate removal from wastewater has not been investigated. In this study, the effect of bioaugmentation of P. aeruginosa SD-1 on nitrate removal in sequencing batch reactors that treat nitrate rich wast...     

厌氧-好氧工艺处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液工程运行效果

采用沼气提升式厌氧反应器(CLR)-高溶解氧反应器(HDR)工艺处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液,经过180 d的调试后达到稳定运行.厌氧系统两次负荷提升过程:第1次120 d(常温),最大容积负荷为8 kg/(m3·d),COD去除率在85%左右,产气量最大值为2 500 m3/d;第2次20 d(蒸汽加热),最大容积负荷为9.2 kg/(m3·d),COD去除率达到90%以上,产气量最大值为2 909 m3/d.通过对产气率与容积负荷和COD去除量的关系的分析发现,容积负荷每增加1 kg/(m3·d),沼气平均增加0.28 m3;CLR厌氧反应每消耗1 kg COD,平均产生0.32 m3沼气.87.5%的进水COD被利用形成沼气,剩余的12.5%的COD主要为微生物生长所利用和出水残留部分.在好氧池内,通过控制溶解氧可以实现好氧池下层COD和氨氮的同步氧化、上层进行缺氧反硝化,以此去除COD和氨氮,并降低出水总氮.     

BLR厌氧反应器处理垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液工程运行效能

采用1 100 m3 BLR(biogas-lift reactor)厌氧反应器对垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液进行工程化处置,接种污泥为消化污泥,正常运行温度控制在(33±2)℃,启动负荷为1 kg COD/(m3·d),120 d后容积负荷达到10 kg/(m3·d)并稳定运行,出水COD浓度为4 500~6 500 mg/L,COD去除率为88%~92%,出水VFA含量为200~600 mg/L,pH值稳定在7.4~7.7,出水SS含量为1 000 mg/L左右,并可观察到沉降性较好的颗粒化污泥。反应器运行初期将VFA/ALK控制在1.6以内,系统并未因VFA积累而酸化崩溃,运行后期VFA/ALK值小于0.3,系统稳定运行。运行过程中进水氨氮浓度从400 mg/L升高到2 200 mg/L,未发现氨氮对厌氧生物处理的明显抑制现象。垃圾渗滤液中平均每去除1 kg COD产生沼气量为0.32 m3。     

有效降解万古霉素废水COD的真菌菌株筛选及研究

从本实验室保存的447株真菌中筛选出1株能有效降解万古霉紊废水COD的真菌HCCB00304.通过形态观察及分子生物学分析,鉴定该菌株为绿僵菌.利用真菌HCCB00304处理万古霉素废水的最佳条件为:菌体投加量10%(体积分数)、初始pH 6.00、25℃、处理时间60 h,在此条件下可使废水的COD从114 208 mg/L降到56 145 mg/L,COD降解率为50.84%.反应动力学分析表明,COD降解呈一级反应动力学过程,其降解速率常数为0.013 3 h-1.     

蓝藻定向发酵产丁酸的条件研究

以4种有机酸(乳酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸)对厌氧颗粒污泥进行胁迫处理,将胁迫后的污泥接种太湖蓝藻进行发酵产丁酸的实验,考察单一有机酸及混合有机酸胁迫对提高蓝藻厌氧发酵产丁酸的影响.结果表明,采用乳酸浓度2 g/L、乙酸浓度6 g/L、丙酸浓度5 g/L和丁酸浓度12 g/L的混合有机酸胁迫污泥后产丁酸效果最佳,获得的最大丁...     

Efficient removal and mechanisms of water soluble aromatic contaminants by a reduced-charge bentonite modified with benzyltrimethylammonium cation

A novel strategy utilizing the phenyls interaction and the hydrophobic affinity of available siloxane surface in the interlayer of bentonite was proposed to improve the sorption capabilities of organobentonites for water soluble aromatic contaminants. A unique organobentonite (65BTMA) was synthesized by intercalating benzyltrimethylammonium cation (BTMA⁺) into the interlayer of a reduced-charge bentonite with cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 65 cmol kg⁻¹. Phenol, aniline and toluene were used as model compounds of water soluble aromatic contaminants. Their respective removal efficiencies by 65BTMA were achieved at 83.3%, 89.2% and 97.3% at the initial concentration of 20 mg l⁻¹. To reveal the sorption mechanism, sorption characteristics of aromatic contaminants to 65BTMA were compared with that of aliphatic contaminants in similar molecular size. And various organobentonites were prepared by combining TMA⁺ (tetramethylammonium), BTMA⁺, HTMA⁺ (heptyltrimethylammonium) and CTMA⁺ (cetyltrimethylammonium) with two bentonites (CEC = 108 and 65 cmol kg⁻¹). To 65BTMA, sorption magnitudes of aromatic contaminants were much greater than that of aliphatic compounds with similar size; and dramatically higher than those to other organobentonites at low pollutant concentrations. These observations revealed that the strong phenyls interactions contributed significantly to sorb the aqueous soluble aromatic contaminants to 65BTMA (>90%), and which favored to design uniquely powerful sorbents.     

废弃印刷线路板非金属热解动力学

废弃印刷线路板非金属材料现有处理方式存在较大的环境风险,其热分解特性是对其进行安全处理处置及资源化再利用的关键所在。结合热重实验数据,分别运用Kissinger法、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法及Freeman-Carroll法对动力学参数E、A、n进行了求解和讨论,结果表明,动力学参数E近似等于125.875 kJ/mol;A近似等于3.825×1010min-1;废弃印刷线路板非金属材料热解的动力学机理函数假设不宜表示为:f(α)=(1-α)n。运用atava-esták法对最概然机理函数进行了探讨,结果表明,废弃印刷线路板非金属材料的热分解动力学机理函数为:f(α)=[-ln(1-α)]4。研究结论为废弃印刷线路板非金属材料资源化再利用工业化设计与应用提供重要的实验数据和理论依据。     

不同存放时间太湖蓝藻产沼气潜力

对不同存放时间蓝藻(新鲜蓝藻、存放3个月、6个月和9个月)进行厌氧消化处置,分析反应过程中沼气量、代谢产物和酶活等变化,获得各自的产沼气潜力。研究结果表明,存放6个月蓝藻组的产沼气率最大,为120.5 mL/g TS,是新鲜蓝藻组的1.29倍。Gompertz模型拟合表明,随着存放时间的延长,最大产沼气量(Pmax)先增大后减小,最大比产气率一直增加。存放3个月蓝藻组的VFA在第6天达到最大,为1 575.4 mg/L,而存放9个月蓝藻组的VFA在第2天达到最大,为1 116.5 mg/L。存放3个月蓝藻组的最大中性蛋白酶酶活为1 203.4μg/(g TS.h),比新鲜蓝藻组提高212.8μg/(gTS.h)。脱氢酶酶活随着蓝藻存放时间的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势。