Lead exposure of small herbivorous vertebrates from atmospheric pollution

Concentrations of Pb in livers of willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus), black grouse (Tetrao tetrix), and hare (Lepus timidus) were determined in samples collected during the period 1990-92 from 77 locations distributed across Norway. Our objective was to elucidate the impact of long-range atmospheric transport on the Pb exposure of the animals. The moss Hylocomium splendens was measured for atmospheric Pb deposition and Pb in soil at 60-cm depth was determined to reflect the natural geochemical background at the study locations. Strong positive relationships were found between Pb in liver and atmospheric deposition of Pb for all species and age groups studied. Results indicate that long-range atmospheric transport was the main source of Pb in the animals studied. This conclusion was supported by Pb analysis of typical food plants for the animals. Correlation between Pb in liver and Pb in soil mineral matter was observed only when considering sites with very low impact of atmospheric deposition. Even though the observed liver Pb concentrations may seem low (< or =12 microg g(-1) dw) they approach levels where sub-lethal effects cannot be ignored.     

重大危险源多米诺效应的后果分析

一个危险源发生事故时可能会引起其它危险源也相继发生事故，这种现象被称为多米诺效应或连锁效应。许多化工厂的重大事故都伴随有多米效应发生。多米诺效应是造成重大事故损失加剧、灾难升级的一个重要原因，而目前对重大危险源多米诺效应监管要求和技术研究还是非常欠缺的。本文针对火灾、爆炸冲击波以及碎片撞击所引发重大危险源相关学者的研究成果，给出了热辐射、超压以及碎片引发多米诺效应的阈值。工以液化石油气蒸气云爆炸的多米诺效应进行实例应用。该方法可以很好地用于重大危险源的安全评价或他土使用使用规划中。     

重大危险源安全监控预警系统应用研究

从重大危险源安全监管的现实需求出发,对重大危险源安全监控系统进行全面系统地研究,及时掌握重大危险源安全监控技术的最新发展,是安全科研工作的必需.……     

日本安全生产管理及其对我国的启示

针对我国安全生产管理现状,分析日本安全生产发展历程和特点,并借鉴日本经验,提出进一步加快建立健全我国安全生产监管体系、法律法规体系、颁布实施安全生产规划、建立强有力的安全生产技术支撑体系、在我国探索开展伤害预知预警活动和重点落实企业主体责任等一系列完善我国安全生产体制和机制的建议;给出了我国完善的安全生产监管体系框图。通过对日本安全生产特点研究,结合我国安全生产面临的严峻形势,对探索增强我国企业和从业人员安全意识,逐步完善安全生产工作方式、方法和机制,以期为提高我国安全生产工作水平提供科学依据和有益的借鉴。     

面向2020年我国安全生产的若干战略问题思考

本文简要论述了我国现代化进程中安全生产工作的现状、发展趋势和面临的主要问题;围绕2020年实现全国安全生产状况根本性好转,安全生产水平达到或接近世界中等发达国家水平的中长期目标,分析探讨了安全专业人才、科技兴安、安全生产标准、安全培训、安全文化、中小企业安全生产与职业危害预防、土地使用安全规划与厂房选址安全、农业生产安全、公共安全与应急救援保障体系建设等若干战略问题。     

基于XML的国家重大危险源中间数据库研究与实现

为建立国家重大危险源监管信息系统,针对目前地方数据库系统异构问题,提出了基于XML中间数据库的解决方案.首先对XML与关系数据库的关系进行了分析,并对XML文档结构与数据库结构的映射以及XML与关系数据库之间的转换进行了探讨;接着定义了国家标准中九大类重大危险源信息的XML模版;最后采用JDOM技术,实现了从省市重大危险源数据库集中到国家中间数据库,为进一步建立国家中心数据库奠定了基础.     

根据含水硅酸盐的氢同位素资料研究水在花岗岩岩浆中的行为

<正> 本文对各种花岗岩中共生含水矿物对,例如黑云母(+)和角闪石(o)的化学组成(包括水的含量)和 D/H 比值作了分析。Suzuoki 和 Epstein(1976)发现,含水硅酸盐与水之间 D/H 的分馏不仅取决于温度,并且也与八面体上的阳离子组成有关。二价铁使得矿物的氘显著减少,镁的程度要小些,而铝则稍微富集氘。他们对云母和闪石类给出如下经验方程:10~3lnα_=-22.4×10~6T~(-2)+28.2+(2X_(A1)-     

聚合物净水

每种工业过程都产生及排放污水。这样一来,既耗费清洁的水,又不可避免地要进行有效的水处理。近年来,有机聚电解质在工业水处理中已得到广泛的应用。这些水溶性合成物质可用于分离金属生产、石油精制、纸浆造纸和食品加工工业中排     

Review of ozone and temperature lidar validations performed within the framework of the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change

The use of assimilation tools for satellite validation requires true estimates of the accuracy of the reference data. Since its inception, the Network for Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) has provided systematic lidar measurements of ozone and temperature at several places around the world that are well adapted for satellite validations. Regular exercises have been organised to ensure the data quality at each individual site. These exercises can be separated into three categories: large scale intercomparisons using multiple instruments, including a mobile lidar; using satellite observations as a geographic transfer standards to compare measurements at different sites; and comparative investigations of the analysis software. NDSC is a research network, so each system has its own history, design, and analysis, and has participated differently in validation campaigns. There are still some technological differences that may explain different accuracies. However, the comparison campaigns performed over the last decade have always proved to be very helpful in improving the measurements. To date, more efforts have been devoted to characterising ozone measurements than to temperature observations. The synthesis of the published works shows that the network can potentially be considered as homogeneous within +/-2% between 20-35 km for ozone and +/-1 K between 35-60 km for temperature. Outside this altitude range, larger biases are reported and more efforts are required. In the lower stratosphere, Raman channels seem to improve comparisons but such capabilities were not systematically compared. At the top of the profiles, more investigations on analysis methodologies are still probably needed. SAGE II and GOMOS appear to be excellent tools for future ozone lidar validations but need to be better coordinated and take more advantage of assimilation tools. Also, temperature validations face major difficulties caused by atmospheric tides and therefore require intercomparisons with the mobile systems, at all sites.     

Uranium bioassay and radioactive dust measurements at some uranium processing sites in Egypt--health effects

The safety of radiation workers in the uranium mining industry requires close and continuous monitoring of their working conditions. In this study, external radiation surveillance, radioactive dust monitoring and the bioassay of uranium were carried out in some processing sites. As dust represents one of the most important sources of radiation exposure in mills and mines, dust monitoring and bioassays were performed for a sample of workers on the production lines. The concentration of uranium in air ranged from 22.6 x 10(-7) to 11.1 x 10(-5) Bq cm-3, and the exposure levels ranged from 1 to 80 microSv h-1. Laser fluorimetric determination of uranium in urine samples showed concentrations in the range 8.4-29.2 micrograms L-1. Renal function parameters, such as serum creatinine and urea, and hematological parameters were determined in an attempt to correlate them with radiation exposure and the health status of the workers. Urine specimens collected from workers at the ore crushing and separation site showed elevated concentrations of uranium (up to 29.2 micrograms L-1) and a strong correlation between these concentrations and the registered serum creatinine. The mean uranium excretion in the investigated group was more than 20 times the occupational exposure decision level for urine uranium of 0.8 microgram L-1.