生物膜填料塔净化有机废气研究

为在国内开展生物化学法净化低浓度有机废气的研究工作,采用国内现有微生物菌种挂膜接种的生物膜填料塔净化低浓度甲苯废气,结果表明,在入口气体甲苯浓度0.183～1.803mg/L及气体流量86.4～190.8L/h（停留时间6.2～13.6s）的实验范围内,增加入口气体甲苯浓度和气体流量,可使甲苯的生化去除量增大,每升体积的生物膜填料对甲苯的生化去除量最大可达157.13mg/h。由实验结果推断,生物膜填料塔对废气中甲苯的净化去除过程属于传质控制过程。对比结果表明,本研究建立的动力学模式对实际过程有很好的适用性,计算值与实验值之间的相关系数R＝0.98。     

林丹在玉米、大豆及土壤中的残留量及其消解动态研究

田间试验表明,在河南地区施用农药林丹的残留量,玉米为1～1.7μg/kg,平均1.4μg/kg;大豆为3.3～5.7μg/kg,乎均4.8 μg/kg。直接喷于作物上,大豆为5.2～6.4μg/kg,平均5.7μg/kg,土壤为6.2～10.1μg/kg,平均8.2μg/kg。残留消解动态曲线表明,林丹在土壤中的半衰期为1～4.5 d。作物籽粒吸收林丹有一个过程。玉米籽粒在施药3 d后、大豆在施药34 d后籽粒中残留量达最高点,往后便逐渐降解。林丹在籽粒中的残留动态曲线呈一缓慢的峰形。林丹在大豆中的残留量明显高于玉米。大豆在被收获前31～11 d施药时,籽粒中的残留量超过联合国推荐的允许量100μg/kg。      

基于业务的网络可靠性试验流量生成方法研究

网络的发展从仅关注速度的提升转移到关注业务的交付能力,由此网络可靠性问题越来越受到研究者的重视。网络可靠性试验是评价网络可靠性的一种重要手段,而试验流量的生成对可靠性评价结果具有决定性的影响。然而目前从可靠性角度对网络进行试验时,对任务的描述较为简单,无法支撑由客户需求分解到网络流量生成的全过程;从流量模型角度出发的生成技术则仅关注全网流量,难以支持可靠性试验中的流量生成。本文提出基于业务的混合模型的流量描述方法,并使用软件实现,最后进行试验验证所提出方法的有效性。     

一种导电混凝土的制备及其电阻率测量

本文综述了导电混凝土的发展以及应用情况,提出了用导电混凝土作为接地材料的设想,并选择氧化铁粉作为骨料,添加适量碳粉配制了一种导电混凝土来验证。通过改变不同的配比制作导电混凝土模型,用四电极法测量其电阻率,得出碳粉比例对其电阻率的影响。     

电极移动速度效应检测仪系统的研究

分析了国际静电放电测试研究领域现有的各种测试研究装置特点,为克服已有测试装置缺陷本团队研发设计出一种全新的静电放电测试研究系统—电极移动速度效应检测仪。对其结构设计特点、功能进行了分析。我们研制的新型静电放电测试系统兼具实现真实直线运动准确调节和多环境因素可控的优点,彻底解决了困扰国际电磁兼容静电放电研究领域电极需高速向靶移动放电与避免强烈撞击损坏仪器的难题,实现了对多种因素影响逐一准确控制,为静电放电性质更为深入广泛的研究提供了新的手段和平台。     

民航空中交通管制设施雷电防护的特点

主要结合多年民航系统设备设施的雷电防护建设实践,在符合国家和民航局相关规定、技术规范的前提下,理论结合实际说明民航通信、导航、监视设施雷电防护的特点。     

基于环境一号卫星的四川盆地气溶胶光学厚度精细化反演

四川盆地为中国灰霾形势较为严重的区域之一,对四川盆地大气灰霾的监测具有十分重要的意义。利用环境一号卫星数据,对能表征大气污染程度的气溶胶光学厚度进行了反演。提出了用EVI植被指数判定暗像元精细化反演气溶胶光学厚度的方法,该方法能较好地去除部分大气影响,气溶胶光学厚度反演结果与CE318的气溶胶光学厚度结果相关性较高,误差较小,具有较高的精度,反演结果满足精细化要求。反演结果表明,四川盆地内有德阳、成都、眉山和乐山4个气溶胶光学厚度高值区,该高值区呈带状分布且与四川盆地的地形密切相关。     

畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属在水稻土中生物有效性动态变化

通过土壤淹水培养试验和土壤淹水培养不同时间后同时开始的水稻生物盆栽试验,研究不同畜禽粪便有机肥中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb在水稻土中生物有效性动态变化以及与等量重金属无机盐的差异,明确不同畜禽粪便有机肥中不同重金属生物有效性差异及动态变化规律.结果表明,水稻土施入畜禽粪便有机肥后30~60 d内,畜禽粪便有机肥处理土壤溶液中重金属含量显著低于等量重金属无机盐处理,重金属无机盐处理土壤溶液中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的含量分别是鸡粪处理的2.4倍、3.1倍、3.9倍和327.3倍,分别是猪粪处理的2.0倍、2.2倍、15.6倍和4.0倍.60d后畜禽粪便有机肥处理和对应等量重金属无机盐处理土壤溶液中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的含量变的无差异.不同施用时间的畜禽粪粪便有机肥处理水稻体内Cu、Zn、Pb含量均显著低于对应的等量重金属无机盐处理,施用畜禽粪肥处理降低了土壤中Cu的生物有效性.畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属的生物有效性随施用后不同时间的变化呈现先升高后降低再升高规律,在施用后2个月时畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属的生物有效性最低,只相当于对应的等量重金属无机盐的13.0%~30.0%.     

Forensic fingerprinting and source identification of the 2009 Sarnia (Ontario) oil spill

This paper presents a case study in which integrated forensic oil fingerprinting and data interpretation techniques were used to characterize the chemical compositions and determine the source of the 2009 Sarnia (Ontario) oil spill incident. The diagnostic fingerprinting techniques include determination of hydrocarbon groups and semi-quantitative product-type screening via gas chromatography (GC), analysis of oil-characteristic biomarkers and the extended suite of parent and alkylated PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) homologous series via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), determination and comparison of a variety of diagnostic ratios of "source-specific marker" compounds, and determination of the weathering degree of the spilled oil, and whether the spilled oil hydrocarbons have been mixed with any other "background" chemicals (biogenic and/or pyrogenic hydrocarbons). The detailed chemical fingerprinting data and results reveal the following: (1) all four samples are mixtures of diesel and lubricating oil with varying percentages of diesel to lube oil. Both samples 1460 and 1462 are majority diesel-range oil mixed with a smaller portion of lube oil. Sample 1461 contains slightly less diesel-range oil. Sample 1463 is majority lubricating-range oil. (2) The diesel in the four diesel/lube oil mixture samples was most likely the same diesel and from the same source. (3) The spill sample 1460 and the suspected-source sample 1462 have nearly identical concentrations and distribution patterns of target analytes including TPHs, n-alkane, PAHs and biomarker compounds; and have nearly identical diagnostic ratios of target compounds as well. Furthermore, a perfect "positive match" correlation line (with all normalized ratio data points falling into the straight correlation line) is clearly demonstrated. It is concluded that the spill oil water sample 1460 (#1, from the water around the vessel enclosed by a boom) matches with the suspected source sample 1462 (#3, from the vessel engine room bilge pump). (4) From the n-alkane and PAH analysis, it appears that the oil in the spill sample 1460 is slightly more weathered in comparison with sample 1462. The minor differences in fingerprints of two samples were most likely caused by weathering effects. (5) Sample 1461 (#2, from the vessel engine room bilge) and sample 1463 (#4, from the vessel bilge waste collection tank) demonstrated significantly different fingerprints and diagnostic ratios of target compounds from that of spill sample 1460. This was caused most likely by percentages of diesel to lube oil in these two samples different from that in spill sample 1460.     

Penetration of polar brominated DBPs through the activated carbon columns during total organic bromine analysis

Total organic bromine (TOBr) is a collective parameter representing all the brominated organic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water samples. TOBr can be measured using the adsorption-pyrolysis method according to Standard Method 5320B. This method involves that brominated organic DBPs are separated from inorganic halides and concentrated from aqueous solution by adsorption onto the activated carbon (AC). Previous studies have reported that some commonly known brominated DBPs can partially penetrate through the AC during this adsorption step. In this work, the penetration of polar brominated DBPs through AC and ozone-modified AC was explored with two simulated drinking water samples and one chlorinated wastewater effluent sample. Polar brominated DBPs were selectively detected with a novel precursor ion scan method using electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The results show that 3.4% and 10.4% of polar brominated DBPs (in terms of total ion intensity) in the chlorinated Suwannee River fulvic acid and humic acid samples, respectively, penetrated through the AC, and 19.6% of polar brominated DBPs in the chlorinated secondary wastewater effluent sample penetrated through the AC. The ozone-modification of AC minimized the penetration of polar brominated DBPs during the TOBr analysis.