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151.
Larry J. Nielsen 《环境质量管理》1991,1(2):167-174
Measurement of packaging waste is a key element of the Total Quality Management program at Digital Equipment Corporation. This case study shows how the company uses measurement techniques to set priorities for which areas of packaging waste should be addressed first and to track improvements over time. To date, an 1,800-ton annual reduction in packaging waste has been achieved, with associated annual savings of $2.7 million. 相似文献
152.
The article analyses the recent development of public participation in environmental assessment and indicates some unfortunate and unintended results. A number of Danish cases show how the tools involved are employed for a kind of ‘acceptance planning’, instead of actual environmental protection, and that the legitimacy which public inclusion was supposed to bring to environmental assessment has instead been replaced by considerations of legality, which frees entrepreneurs and authorities from including real environmental considerations in their planning. Thus, the undesirable handling of public participation that the article analyses is not only due to the actual difficulties of practising inclusion and the indisputable complexity of the environmental issues but also to a very large extent due to considerations of economic efficiency and an unwillingness among investors – public as well as private – to take account of environmental consequences as a long-term issue. The article ends with a range of recommendations for securing public inclusion in matters of environmental assessment through independent public initiatives or institutions that do not answer to authorities and entrepreneurs. 相似文献
153.
A side effect of the application of chlorine for controlling filamentous bulking is deflocculation of floc-forming bacteria, which may cause unacceptable effluent deterioration depending on dosing. It was assumed that chlorine may adversely affect the adhesion ability of floc bacteria, promoting their erosion in shear flow. The effect of chlorination on the strength of activated sludge flocs was investigated. The adhesion-erosion (AE) model developed by Mikkelsen and Keiding was used to interpret results from deflocculation tests with varying shear and solids concentration. The AE model yields the adhesion enthalpy (deltaHG/R) of cells in sludge flocs and parameters from the model were used to quantify the sludge in terms of floc strength. Two activated sludges with different initial characteristics were studied. The resulting model parameters showed that the AE model was suitable for quantifying the bond energy of particles to the activated sludge exposed to chlorine. For one activated sludge, adhesion of cells was largely unaffected by the applied chlorine doses. A second sludge showed reduced adhesion strength with chlorine, leading to increasing deflocculation. The simple batch test and AE model proved valuable for assessing the effect of chlorination on the flocs in activated sludge. By use of these procedures, it is possible to determine acceptable chlorine dosing to avoid excessive deflocculation and effluent deterioration. 相似文献
154.
155.
Archean calcites and dolomites, if compared to their Phanerozoic counterparts, are enriched in Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, depleted in 18O, (Na+), and contain mantle-like 87Sr/86Sr and, in associated S phases, mantle-like 34S/32S. This may be a consequence of massive seawater pumping through, and equilibration with, the coeval basaltic oceanic crust. The exponential decline of oceanic geothermal gradient in the course of terrestrial evolution led to a waning of this “mantle” flux and to the enhancement of the continental river discharge as the controlling factor of seawater composition; the major transition occurring probably during the late Archean — early Proterozoic time interval. Such evolution is consistent with the observed tectonic, sedimentological, geochemical and metallogenic secular patterns and may also provide an alternative, or complementary, inorganic explanation for the development of the post-Archean oxygenic atmosphere. 相似文献
156.
157.
Rossini-Oliva Sabina Abreu Maria Manuela Leidi Eduardo Oscar 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(4):1523-1535
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The effect of exposure to high Mn concentration was studied in a metallophyte species, Erica andevalensis, using hydroponic cultures with a range of Mn... 相似文献
158.
159.
From teleconnection to telecoupling: taking stock of an emerging framework in land system science 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Cecilie Friis Jonas Østergaard Nielsen Iago Otero Helmut Haberl Jörg Niewöhner Patrick Hostert 《Journal of Land Use Science》2016,11(2):131-153
Land use change is influenced by a complexity of drivers that transcend spatial, institutional and temporal scales. The analytical framework of telecoupling has recently been proposed in land system science to address this complexity, particularly the increasing importance of distal connections, flows and feedbacks characterising change in land systems. This framework holds important potential for advancing the analysis of land system change. In this article, we review the state of the art of the telecoupling framework in the land system science literature. The article traces the development of the framework from teleconnection to telecoupling and presents two approaches to telecoupling analysis currently proposed in the literature. Subsequently, we discuss a number of analytical challenges related to categorisation of systems, system boundaries, hierarchy and scale. Finally, we propose approaches to address these challenges by looking beyond land system science to theoretical perspectives from economic geography, social metabolism studies, political ecology and cultural anthropology. 相似文献
160.
Zdzisław M. Migaszewski Paul J. Lamothe James G. Crock Agnieszka Gałuszka Sabina Dołęgowska 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(3):323-329
Trace element concentrations in plant bioindicators are often determined to assess the quality of the environment. Instrumental
methods used for trace element determination require digestion of samples. There are different methods of sample preparation
for trace element analysis, and the selection of the best method should be fitted for the purpose of a study. Our hypothesis
is that the method of sample preparation is important for interpretation of the results. Here we compare the results of 36
element determinations performed by ICP-MS on ashed and on acid-digested (HNO3, H2O2) samples of two moss species (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected in Alaska and in south-central Poland. We found that dry ashing of the moss samples prior to analysis resulted
in considerably lower detection limits of all the elements examined. We also show that this sample preparation technique facilitated
the determination of interregional and interspecies differences in the chemistry of trace elements. Compared to the Polish
mosses, the Alaskan mosses displayed more positive correlations of the major rock-forming elements with ash content, reflecting
those elements’ geogenic origin. Of the two moss species, P. schreberi from both Alaska and Poland was also highlighted by a larger number of positive element pair correlations. The cluster analysis
suggests that the more uniform element distribution pattern of the Polish mosses primarily reflects regional air pollution
sources. Our study has shown that the method of sample preparation is an important factor in statistical interpretation of
the results of trace element determinations. 相似文献