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121.
The effective use of activated charcoal as an oral adsorbent for primary treatment of acute poisoning was investigated in vitro by evaluating the characteristics of mexiletine, an anti-arrhythmic drug, adsorbed onto activated charcoal in the presence of sodium chloride solutions at various concentrations. The equilibrium amount of mexiletine adsorbed onto activated charcoal was increased by the addition of sodium chloride. In particular, there was a marked increase in the amount adsorbed from a solution of lower mexiletine concentration. The removal rate is another important factor in the evaluation of activated charcoal, and a rapid decrease of mexiletine concentration by the addition of sodium chloride was recognized. The acceleration of mexiletine adsorption onto activated charcoal by the addition of sodium chloride was due to the occurrence of salting-out. It could be concluded that the administration of activated charcoal suspended in saline solution was more effective in the primary treatment of acute poisoning by mexiletine overdose. 相似文献
122.
The adsorption characteristics of 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HFC‐134a) on activated carbon were investigated to evaluate the recovery efficiency of HFC‐134a by six activated carbons (two granular activated carbons (GAC1 and GAC2), one high‐surface area activated carbon (HAC), and three activated carbon fibers (ACF10, ACF15, and ACF20)). HFC‐134a adsorption on the activated carbons increased with increase in the specific surface area and pore volume of the activated carbon. The differential heat of the HFC‐134a adsorption decreased with increase in the percentage of the micropore volume to the total pore volume. The adsorption model of HFC‐134a on the activated carbon could be based on the Langmuir model. The constant a of the Langmuir plot of HAC and ACF20 is smaller than GAC1 or GAC2 and ACF10 or ACF15, respectively. The constant Ws of HAC has the largest value. The constant a was correlated to the heat of adsorption. It is concluded that the largest amount of HFC‐134a was adsorbed on HAC, and the least amount of interaction occurred between HFC‐134a and the HAC. The amount of HFC‐134a adsorbed on the activated carbons over time was applied to the Sameshima equation. The adsorption rate constant of HFC‐134a on HAC was the largest. The HAC could be suitable for the recovery of HFC‐134a. 相似文献
123.
Tomonari Akamatsu Kiyomi Nakamura Ryo Kawabe Seishiro Furukawa Hiromi Murata Akihiro Kawakubo Masayuki Komaba 《Marine Biology》2010,157(8):1879-1887
A number of local populations of finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) are widely distributed throughout the warm coastal waters of Asia. The Omura Bay population, consisting of approximately
300 individuals, is the smallest of five populations inhabiting Japanese waters. It is a relatively new population that established
after the global warming that took place approximately 9000 years ago. To observe whether these porpoises appear in the major
corridor to the ocean from Omura Bay, we used acoustic monitoring to record occurrences of finless porpoises from November
2007 to May 2009. A stereo acoustic event recorder recorded the intensity and the sound source direction of biosonar signals,
providing independent traces of sound sources corresponding to each detected animal. A total of 226 individuals were detected
over the 1.5-year monitoring period, of which 76% occurred at night and 73% occurred during March and April. We compared the
presence of porpoises to the Japanese anchovy catch in Omura Bay and the Hario Strait over the same period. Results suggested
that possible reductions in anchovy resources in the bay could attract porpoises to the outside of their normal habitat. In
total, 70% of the porpoise recordings took place when the tidal current was moving out of Omura Bay. Porpoises might follow
the prey that are transported out of the bay due to the strong outbound current. The finless porpoises confined to the bay
might extend their swimming area if prey is available. 相似文献
124.
Yohei Nakamura 《Marine Biology》2010,157(11):2397-2406
An extensive seagrass bed on a fringing coral reef at Amitori Bay (southern Ryukyu Islands) disappeared completely in 2009
after a typhoon. Seagrass bed loss had a significant negative influence on not only seagrass bed residents but also commercially
important coral reef fishes that utilize seagrass beds as nurseries or feeding grounds. With seagrass bed loss, mean species’
richness and densities of overall seagrass bed fishes per transect decreased by more than 75 and 85%, respectively. Most of
the affected fishes were benthivores, piscivores, detritivores, and herbivores. Of 21 dominant species, 13 disappeared completely
and 4 showed severe reductions in densities following seagrass bed loss, whereas the densities of 4 bottom-dwelling gobies
did not change significantly. Thus, this study demonstrated that most seagrass bed fishes lack the ability to adapt to seagrass
habitat loss, suggesting that increasing global seagrass loss will cause serious reductions in seagrass-associated fishes
and fishery resources. 相似文献
125.
Relationship of PCDD/F and Co-PCB concentrations in breast milk with infant birthweights in Tokyo, Japan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
OBJECTIVE: To observe how PCDD/F and Co-PCB concentrations in breast milk relate to infant birthweights in Tokyo, Japan. STUDY DESIGN: Breast milk samples were collected from 240 mothers (aged 25-34years old) residing in Tokyo to measure the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs; 14 congeners), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs; 15 congeners), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs; 12 congeners) in the breast milk fat. Individual milk samples (about 50ml) were obtained 30days after delivery, between the months of June and September in 1999 and 2000. The relationship of the infant birthweights with the PCDD/F and Co-PCB concentrations was observed. RESULTS: The birthweights were negatively correlated the concentrations of many of the PCDD/F and Co-PCB congeners, with the mean toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs) of the Co-PCBs, and with the sum of the PCDD, PCDF and Co-PCBs, although their correlation coefficients were less than 0.200. Multiple regression analysis showed octachlorodioxin was statistically significant explanatory variate. CONCLUSIONS: There were slight relationship between the dioxins levels of breast milk and the birthweights of the infants. 相似文献
126.
Shin-ichi Sakai Takahiro Ukai Hiroshi Takatsuki Kazuo Nakamura Sayuri Kinoshita Takumi Takasuga 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》1999,1(1):62-74
Previous reports have focused on the emission of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) which have a toxic mechanism
similar to that of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/DFs) released from municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. Such emissions
accounted for a small percentage of all the dioxins (PCDDs/DFs and Co-PCBs) recorded at the toxicity equivalent (TEQ) level.
There is, however, very little information about Co-PCBs, such as the quantities being released and their effect on overall
environmental pollution. The aim of this research has been to clarify the substance flow of Co-PCBs from MSW incineration
processes. The results reveal that whereas the input of Co-PCBs into the MSW incineration facilities in Kyoto City was 0.13–0.29 μg-TEQ
per ton waste, the total output of Co-PCBs (the sum of Co-PCBs released from emission gas, fly ash, and bottom ash) was 4.9 μg-TEQ
per ton waste. The total output was therefore found to be higher than the total input. Over 90% of the total PCBs were decomposed
in the incineration process. In comparing the profiles of congeners and homologues, those in the MSW were found to be similar
to those detected in the atmosphere and products containing PCBs, but different from those in the MSW incineration gas.
Received: August 26, 1998 / Accepted: March 2, 1999 相似文献
127.
Plant origin of Okinawan propolis: honeybee behavior observation and phytochemical analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kumazawa S Nakamura J Murase M Miyagawa M Ahn MR Fukumoto S 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(8):781-786
Propolis is a natural resinous product collected by honeybees from certain plants. It has gained popularity as a food and
alternative medicine. Poplar and Baccharis are well known as the source plants of European and Brazilian propolis, respectively. However, the propolis from Okinawa,
Japan, contains some prenylflavonoids not seen in other regions such as Europe and Brazil, suggesting that the plant origin
of Okinawan propolis is a particular plant that grows in Okinawa. To identify the plant origin of Okinawan propolis, we observed
the behavior of honeybees as they collected material from plants and caulked it inside the hive. Honeybees scraped resinous
material from the surface of plant fruits of Macaranga tanarius and brought it back to their hive to use it as propolis. We collected samples of the plant and propolis, and compared their
constituents by high-performance liquid chromatography with a photo-diode array detector. We also compared their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl
radical scavenging activity. The chemical constituents and biological activity of the ethanol extracts of the plant did not
differ from those of propolis. This indicates directly that the plant origin of Okinawan propolis is M. tanarius.
S. K. and J. N. contributed equally to this work. 相似文献
128.
Kondo Monami Sakamoto Yasuhide Kawabe Yoshishige Nakamura Kengo Watanabe Noriaki Komai Takeshi 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2022,27(2):251-273
Environmental Modeling & Assessment - This work developed a model for predicting the volatilization flux from the unsaturated soil contaminated by volatile chemical substances (VCSs) such as... 相似文献