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排序方式: 共有436条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Tucker SP 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(11):1337-1349
Three sampling and analytical methods have been developed and evaluated for ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA): (1) an HPLC-UV method for OPA in air, (2) a fluorimetric method for OPA on surfaces, and (3) a colorimetric method for OPA on surfaces. (1) The air sampler contains 350 mg of silica gel coated with 1 mg of acidified 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). Air sampling may be conducted at 0.03 to 1.0 L min(-1) for periods up to 8 h. Samples were eluted with ethyl acetate, and the eluents were allowed to stand for 72 h. Analysis was by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV detector set at 369 nm. An unusual phenomenon was the observation that the stability of the sample on a sampler at 3 degrees C tends to decrease as the total quantity of OPA collected on the sampler decreases. Elution of the samples within 24 h of air sampling is required. The detection limit (LOD) is approximately 0.02 microg of OPA per sample. OPA on surfaces may be collected with strips cut from a sheet of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA wipe). (2) In the surface wipe method with analysis by fluorescence measurement, the strips of PVA wipe were placed into dimethyl sulfoxide. An aliquot was treated with aqueous N-acetyl-l-cysteine and ethylenediamine. Analysis was performed with a portable fluorometer (excitation and emission wavelengths = 365 nm and 438 nm, respectively). The LOD is 0.2 microg per sample. (3) In the surface wipe method with visual colorimetric detection, the strips of PVA wipe were placed into 30 : 70 acetonitrile : water. An aliquot was treated with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine in 0.1 m sulfuric acid. After color development, the LOD is approximately 48 microg per sample. These methods have been field tested in a hospital. 相似文献
42.
Jeffery J. Himmelberger Samuel J. Ratick Allen L. White 《Environmental management》1991,15(5):647-658
This article analyzes the recent negotiations connected with siting 24 solid-waste landfills in Wisconsin. We examine the
association between the type and amount of compensation paid to host communities by facility developers and the size of facilities,
certain facility characteristics, the timing of negotiated agreements, the size of the host community, and the socioeconomic
status of the host area. Our findings suggest that the level of compensation after adjusting for landfill capacity is positively
associated with the percentage of total facility capacity dedicated to host community use, positively associated with the
percentage of people of the host area who are in poverty, and larger for public facilities that accept municipal wastes. Other
explanatory variables we examined, whose association with levels of compensation proved statistically insignificant, were
facility size, facility status (new vs expansion), facility use (countyonly vs multicounty), timing of negotiation, host community
size, and the host area education level, population density, and per capita income. We discuss the policy implications of
our principal findings and future research questions in light of the persistent opposition surrounding the siting of solid-waste
and other waste-management facilities. 相似文献
43.
This study examined the influence of organizational justice perceptions on employee work outcome relationships as moderated by individual differences that are influenced by societal culture. Power distance, but not country or individualism, moderated the relationships between perceived justice and satisfaction, performance, and absenteeism. The effects of perceived justice on these outcomes were stronger among individuals scoring lower on power distance index, and most of these study participants were in the U.S. (versus Hong Kong) sample. Limitations of the study and the implications of the findings for managing cross‐culturally are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
44.
Fuhrmann M Melamed D Kalb PD Adams JW Milian LW 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2002,22(3):327-333
Elemental mercury, contaminated with radionuclides, presents a waste disposal problem throughout the Department of Energy complex. In this paper we describe a new process to immobilize elemental mercury wastes, including those contaminated with radionuclides, in a form that is non-dispersible, will meet EPA leaching criteria, and has low mercury vapor pressure. In this stabilization and solidification process, elemental mercury is combined with an excess of powdered sulfur polymer cement (SPC) and sulfide additives in a mixing vessel and heated to approximately 40 degrees C for several hours, until all of the mercury is converted into mercuric sulfide (HgS). Additional SPC is then added and the temperature of the mixture raised to 135 degrees C, resulting in a molten liquid which is poured into a mold where it cools and solidifies. The final treated waste was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and found to be a mixture of the hexagonal and orthorhombic forms of mercuric sulfide. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure was used to assess mercury releases, which for the optimized process averaged 25.8 microg/l, with some samples being well below the new EPA Universal Treatment Standard of 25 microg/l. Longer term leach tests were also conducted, indicating that the leaching process was dominated by diffusion. Values for the effective diffusion coefficient averaged 7.6x10(-18) cm2/s. Concentrations of mercury vapor from treated waste in equilibrium static headspace tests averaged 0.6 mg/m3. 相似文献
45.
Glycaemia, a classical indicator of stress, xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase which are involved in phase I detoxication were investigated in two different fish species from two rivers with different pollution levels in the Western Niger-Delta. Four sampling zones covering the entire lengths of Warri and Ethiope Rivers respectively were used in this study. For each species of fish five were obtained from a sampling zone in a river. Blood glucose was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in M. electricus from Warri River (82.13 +/- 5.50 mg cm(-3)) compared to the same species from Ethiope River (36.47 +/- 1.49 mg cm(-3)). With the same parameter a similar profile was observed for C. gariepinus; Warri River (56.92 +/- 10.31 mg cm(-3)); Ethiope River (37.65 +/- 0.90 mg cm(-3)) which was also significant (P < 0.01). The activity of xanthine oxidase in M. electricus from Warri River (255.80 +/- 41 it mol cm(-3)) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) compared to the value obtained for the same species (108 +/- 22.36 micro mol cm(-3)) from Ethiope River. Also the activity of xanthine oxidase in C. gariepinus from Warri River (197 +/- 34.65 micro mol cm(-3)) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) when matched with the value obtained for the same species (78.40 +/- 26.84 micro mol cm(-3)) from Ethiope River. That blood glucose level was related to xanthine oxidase activity in the two fish species from Warri River was supported by the high positive correlation between these two parameters (M. electricus. r = 1: C. gariepinus, r = 0.71). The activity of aldehyde oxidase in C. gariepinus from Warri River (143.80 +/- 28.45 micro mol cm(-3)) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) compared to the value obtained for the same species (61.20 +/- 15.21 micro mol cm(-3)) from Ethiope River. A similar profile in aldehyde oxidase activity observed for M. electricus; Warri River (130 +/- 28.39 micro mol cm(-3)); Ethiope River (89 +/- 19.70 micro mol cm(-3)) but an inferior statistical variation (P < 0.05) was obtained. The results obtained in this study indicate that the level of xanthine oxidase in M. electricus is a more specific marker and to a lesser extent its activity in C. gariepinus in monitoring environmental stress due to pollution. 相似文献
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49.
An Analysis of the Effects of Land Use and Land Cover on Flood Losses along the Gulf of Mexico Coast from 1999 to 2009
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Samuel D. Brody Wesley E. Highfield Russell Blessing 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(6):1556-1567
Major coastal flooding events over the last decade have led decision makers in the United States to favor structural engineering solutions as a means to protect vulnerable coastal communities from the adverse impacts of future storms. While a resistance‐based approach to flood mitigation involving large‐scale construction works may be a central component of a regional flood risk reduction strategy, it is equally important to consider the role of land use and land cover (LULC) patterns in protecting communities from floods. To date, little observational research has been conducted to quantify the effects of various LULC configurations on the amount of property damage occurring across coastal regions over time. In response, we statistically examine the impacts of LULC on observed flood damage across 2,692 watersheds bordering the Gulf of Mexico. Specifically, we analyze statistical linear regression models to isolate the influence of multiple LULC categories on over 372,000 insured flood losses claimed under the National Flood Insurance Program per year from 2001 to 2008. Results indicate that percent increase in palustrine wetlands is the equivalent to, on average, a $13,975 reduction in insured flood losses per year, per watershed. These and other results provide important insights to policy makers on how protecting specific types of LULC can help reduce adverse impacts to local communities. 相似文献
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