固定化微生物法处理含甲硫醇恶臭气体

采用液相曝气方式驯化培养污水厂活性污泥，获得具有降解甲硫醇能力的优势微生物菌群。同时用海藻酸钠包埋固定化微生物，研究固定化微生物颗粒填充床去除甲硫醇恶臭气体的工艺过程。液相曝气培养研究表明：降解甲硫醇的微生物菌群适宜的ｐＨ值为５．２～９．０，最佳ｐＨ条件为弱碱性。已驯化微生物的离心浓缩回收率为７１．２％，颗粒填充床生物脱臭塔运行实验表明：在空塔停留时间不大于１３ｓ，对低浓度甲硫醇气体（〈１２．９ｍ     

转化纤维素资源生成酒精的研究

研究了高温厌气的热纤梭菌(Clostridium thermocellum)转化纤维素物质直接生成酒精的过程,发酵产物除酒精外,还有乙酸、少量乳酸、H_2、CO_2和还原糖,还原糖的主要成份为木糖,纤维二糖和葡萄糖、诱变菌转化纤维素的能力与野生菌相比有明显提高,能发酵细小纤维、稻草和凤眼莲,酒精最大浓度可分别达4.0,3.2和9.3g/L。     

黄河(兰州段)水生生态系统中壬基酚的分布研究

壬基酚(NP)及壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPnEO)是一类具有环境雌激素效应的有机污染物。研究了黄河兰州段水体中NP及NPnEO(n=1,2)的分布,测定了NP及NPnEO在河水和浮游植物、浮游动物、鱼类体中及沉积物中的含量。初步研究了黄河兰州段NP在水生生物体内的分布规律。结果表明在黄河兰州段水生生态系统中,水中NP2EO含量大于NP和NP1EO,各级生物体内的NP含量普遍高于NP1EO和NP2EO,并比水中高103~105倍,浮游动物及鱼体单位质量脂肪中的NP含量低于浮游植物单位脂肪中NP含量,沉积物中的NP浓度比水中高56.6~1 849.3倍。可见黄河兰州段水生生物对NP类污染物有生物积累作用,没有生物放大作用,NP类污染物会从水中转移到沉积物中,并在沉积物中积累。     

校园绿地系统景观生态异质性分析与质量评价

针对南京大学浦口新校园的生态景观实际，依据景观生态异质性原理，对校园绿地系统做出了景观生态定量分析和质量评价，结果表明绿地斑块丰富度不足，景观多样性较差和绿地廊道密度不够是存在的主要生态环境问题，是导致新建校园生态质量不高的主要因子，为了有效解决这些生态问题，本文对南京大学校园绿地系统今后进行优化和改建，提出了建设性的意见和修改方案。     

金华市石门农场生态农业建设及其效益分析

金华市石门农场自１９８６年起进行生态实验区建设，将饲养、种植、加工三个子系统有机结合成一个整体，形成以种植业为基础，饲养业为中心，沼气为纽带的能量、物质循环利用的复合型结构，取得了较好的经济和生态效益。从而提出了江南低丘红壤区生态农业建设的一种模式。     

Chemical speciation and anthropogenic sources of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during summer in Beijing, 2004

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured at six sites in Beijing in August, 2004. Up to 148 VOC species, including C₃ to C₁₂ alkanes, C₃ to C₁₁ alkenes, C₆ to C₁₂ aromatics, and halogenated hydrocarbons, were quantified. Although the concentrations differed at the sites, the chemical compositions were similar, except for the Tongzhou site where aromatics were significantly high in the air. Based on the source profiles measured from previous studies, the source apportionment of ambient VOCs was preformed by deploying the chemical mass balance (CMB) model. The results show that urban VOCs are predominant from mobile source emissions, which contribute more than 50% of the VOCs (in mass concentrations) to ambient air at most sites. Other important sources are gasoline evaporation, painting, and solvents. The exception is at the Tongzhou site where vehicle exhaust, painting, and solvents have about equal contribution, around 35% of the ambient VOC concentration. As the receptor model is not valid for deriving the sources of reactive species, such as isoprene and 1,3-butadiene, other methodologies need to be further explored.     

Thermochemical studies of the toxic actions of heavy metal ions on Rhizopus nigricans

By using a LKB2277 BioActivity Monitor (heat conduction microcalorimeter), stopped-flow method, the thermogenetic curves of Rhizopus nigricans growth at 25 degrees C inhibited by four kinds of heavy metal ions are determined, parameters such as growth rate constants k, inhibitory ratio I, half inhibitory concentration IC50 et al. are obtained. The experimental results show that heavy metal ions can inhibit Rhizopus nigricans growth obviously, low concentration of Cu2+ has promoting action. The inhibitory sequence is Cd2+ > Hg2+ > Pb2+ > Cu2+, half inhibitory concentration of them are Cd+ 0.8 micro g x ml(-1), Hg2+ 1.7 micro g x ml(-1), Pb2+ 48.0 micro g x ml(-1), Cu2+ 110 micro g x ml(-1). This microclorimetric bioassay for acute cellular toxicity is based on metabolic heat evolution from cultured cells. The assay is quantitative, inexpensive, and versatile; moreover, toxicological information can be obtained with cell from other species of interest.     

水解-混凝法处理糖蜜酒精废水试验

采用投加优势菌群的水解 -混凝法对糖蜜酒精废水进行试验 ,研究投加优势菌的水解阶段的处理效果 ,同时 ,以 10 %碱式AlCl3为混凝剂 ,对水解段的出水进行混凝处理 ,并对处理条件进行研究。结果表明 ,采用投加优势菌群的水解 -混凝法工艺处理该废水 ,可以取得 5 8%的CODCr去除率 ,且可去除一定的色度     

有机磷酸HEDP稳定垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属的研究

研究了有机磷酸羟基亚乙基二膦酸（HEDP）对生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定方法.通过对不同HEDP投加量处理后的飞灰试样作危险废物浸出毒性鉴别试验,分析HEDP最佳使用剂量,并评价了稳定化飞灰的长期稳定性.结果表明,HEDP最适使用剂量为0.03 Ml/g（以商品级HEDP与飞灰的体积质量比计）,处理后飞灰与原状飞灰相比,Pb、Zn和Hg的浸出浓度分别降低了98.3%、99.5%和85.0%.HEDP对飞灰中重金属稳定效果排序为：Pb＞Zn＞Hg＞Ni＞Cu＞Cd＞CrHAs.重金属pH相关浸出测试（pH-dependent leaching tests）表明：经0.03mL/g HEDP稳定处理的飞灰,在0.3 mol/L HNO3和0.3 mol/L NaOH的浸取条件下,其重金属浸出浓度均低于国家危险废物鉴别标准,显示具有良好的长期稳定性.     

Fenton试剂氧化降解聚丙烯酰胺污水及其反应动力学研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化处理聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)污水取得了良好的效果.通过正交试验得到了Fenton试剂各影响因素的影响权重,并通过单因素实验确定了最佳实验条件.研究了Fenton试剂中各影响因素的作用机制,在最佳实验条件下,HPAM的降解率能达到近89%.针对Fenton试剂氧化处理HPAM的反应特性,深入研究了反应动力学模型,确定反应为一级反应.