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121.
Factors concerning NO2 uptake by the absorbent triethanolamine (TEA) in NO2 diffusion tubes are examined. Although the nominal freezing point of TEA is 17.9-21.2 degrees C, we show that, for a range of aqueous TEA solutions (0-20%, H2O), no freezing occurs even at -10 degrees C. Therefore NO2 collection efficiency is unlikely to be impaired by low temperature exposure. The recovery of TEA from the meshes of exposed samplers is determined as approximately 98%, even after 42 days, showing that the stability in situ of TEA is unaffected by long-term exposure. A model of a diffusion tube sampling array for simultaneous exposures, with a 0.1 m sampler spacing, shows that NO2 uptake by individual samplers is not affected by the presence of neighbouring tubes in the array. This is confirmed by sampler precision at two Cambridge sites. Four sampler preparation methods are compared for differences in NO2 uptake of exposed samplers. All methods employ TEA as absorbent, transferred by either dipping meshes in a TEA-acetone solution or pipetting aliquots of a TEA-H2O solution onto the meshes. For samplers prepared by three of the methods, no difference in NO2 uptake is found, but for samplers prepared using a 50% v/v TEA-H2O solution, a mean reduction of 18% is found. Student's t-tests show that the difference is highly significant (P < or = 0.001). Reasons for the difference are discussed. 相似文献
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123.
S. W. Fox 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1973,60(8):359-368
124.
125.
Freshwater leeches from an industrially polluted creek were found to contain very high residues of chlorophenols, when compared with fish, tadpoles and most other benthic invertebrates. Leeches are recommended as possible bioindicators of aquatic organic contamination. 相似文献
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127.
The problem of scale in community resource management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jefferson Fox 《Environmental management》1992,16(3):289-297
Scale is a fundamental variable in most community resource management programs. This is true both in terms of scale as a management
concept (i.e., local, regional, and national level management) as well as a mapping concept (i.e., units on the map per unit
on the ground). Julian Steward, the father of human ecology, recognized as early as 1950 that social scientists have failed
to develop methods for incorporating the effect of scale in their work. This article seeks to determine whether methods used
in plant and animal ecology for assessing the effects of scale are applicable to community resource management. The article
reviews hierarchy theory and multiple scales, two methods (one theoretical and the other practical) for dealing with problems
that span many scales. The application of these methods to community resource management programs is examined by way of an
example. 相似文献
128.
129.
Bruce Fox Mary Anne Keller Andrew J. Schlosberg James E. Vlahovich 《Environmental management》1989,13(1):75-84
Intellectual concern with the National Forest Management Act of 1976 has followed a course emphasizing the planning aspects of the legislation associated with the development of forest plans. Once approved, however, forest plans must be implemented. Due to the complex nature of the ecological systems of interest, and the multiple and often conflicting desires of user clientele groups, the feasibility and costs of implementing forest plans require immediate investigation. For one timber sale on the Coconino National Forest in Arizona, forest plan constraints were applied and resulting resource outputs predicted using the terrestrial ecosystem analysis and modeling system (TEAMS), a computer-based decision support system developed at the School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, With forest plan constraints for wildlife habitat, visual diversity, riparian area protection, and soil and slope harvesting restrictions, the maximum timber harvest obtainable was reduced 58% from the maximum obtainable without plan constraints.Former Graduate Student at Northern Arizona University. 相似文献
130.
Prior to a relocation of a governmental organization in Israel, 155 workers responded to a questionnaire tapping three criteria: the intention to relocate, positive feelings, and stress reactions. The questionnaire also addressed potential correlates: biographical data, family-related variables, perceived attitudes of co-workers, job satisfaction and centrality, and anticipations regarding work and nonwork aspects. The intention to relocate was associated mainly with the perceived attitude of the spouse and the children. Stress experienced was most strongly related to the future job prospects, and the positive emotions were mostly correlated with the perceived favourability of the anticipated changes. The family-related variables were found to be significantly correlated with all the criteria. These results suggest that organization should direct efforts on spouse and children in order to influence employees' decisions and feelings regarding relocation. This and other implications are discussed. 相似文献