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191.
192.
Thomas T. Shen 《The Environmentalist》1984,4(4):317-321
Summary The author was a consultant, assigned from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), to provide technical assistance
to China's environmental pollution research and control. His assignment in China from September 1 through October 8, 1983
was filled with visits and meetings at key research institutes, universities, and regulatory agencies in the cities of Beijing
(Peiking), Shanghai, Hangchow, Zhuji and Zhiaxing (Fig. 1). Trips to famous historical sites and scenic points in and around
those cities were squeezed in between the heavily scheduled meetings.
Dr Shen was born and educated in China through college. This is a report of his first trip back to his homeland since he left
35 years ago. His ability to communicate with the Chinese professionals and social strata in their native tongue provided
him with a greater advantage in understanding the current status of China's environmental sciences and technology in preventing
air, water, and land pollution. His contribution lies not only in the technical transfer of environmental sciences and engineering,
but also in strengthening the ties of cooperation and communication between American and Chinese professionals. Dr Shen is
a senior research scientist with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation and an adjunct faculty member
of the Division of Environmental Sciences, Columbia University. 相似文献
193.
Size distribution and diurnal and seasonal trends of ultrafine particles in source and receptor sites of the Los Angeles basin 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This paper presents results from a study conducted in two urban areas of southern California, Downey and Riverside, to examine the effect of different sources and formation mechanisms on the size distribution and temporal trends of ultrafine particles. Near-continuous data were collected for 5 months at each location. Our data clearly identified Downey as a source site, primarily affected by vehicular emissions from nearby freeways, and Riverside as a receptor site, where photochemical secondary reactions form a substantial fraction of particles, along with local vehicular emissions. In Downey, the diurnal trends of total particle number concentration and elemental carbon (EC) appear to be almost identical throughout the day and irrespective of season, thereby corroborating the role of primary emissions in the formation of these particles. This agreement between EC and particle number was not observed in Riverside during the warmer months of the year, while very similar trends to Downey were observed during the winter months in that area. Similarly, the size distribution of ultrafine particles in Downey was generally unimodal with a mode diameter of 30-40 nm and without significant monthly variations. The number-based particle size distributions obtained in Riverside were bimodal, with a significant increase in accumulation mode as the season progressed from winter to summer. During the warmer months, there was also an increase in sub-100-nm particles in the afternoon hours, between 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m., that also increased with the temperature. The differences observed in the ultrafine particle distribution and temporal trends clearly demonstrated that mechanisms other than direct emissions play an important role in the formation of ultrafine particles in receptor sites of the Los Angeles Basin. 相似文献
194.
195.
关于重大隐患监控GIS模式的研究 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
沈立 《中国安全科学学报》2002,12(5):1-4
系统地分析了重大危险源、事故隐患的地域监管体系以及隐患监控的新技术应用基础 ;提出了职业安全卫生监管体系中的危险源和隐患监控 ,应该分为过程安全监控和安全目标监控两个层次。隐患监管功能的有效实现 :隐患监控的技术载体则越来越依托信息网络的发展 ;重大隐患监管体系特别适合采用地理信息系统 相似文献
196.
长江流域商品粮基地建设与农业持续发展 总被引:6,自引:4,他引:2
长江流域横跨我国中亚热带,光、热、水气候资源及其时空组合优势明显,土地自然生产力较高。粮食生产在全国占有重要地位。但由于流域内山地比重大,人口稠密,人均土地资源偏少,在现有耕地资源有限和粮食市场不稳等的多重压力下,历史时期内形成的“南粮北调”正逐渐被“北粮南调”所取代。在分析长江流域粮食生产现状和近二十年来商品粮基地建设对粮食生产的促进作用的基础上,从流域经济持续发展角度,提出了发挥长江流域粮食生 相似文献
197.
In this study, cabbage [Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt cv. Xinza No 1], mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek var. radiata cv. VC-3762], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Altas 66) were grown in Pb-contaminated soils. Application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (3.0 mmol of EDTA/kg soil) to the soil significantly increased the concentrations of Pb in the shoots and roots of all the plants. Lead concentrations in the cabbage shoots reached 5010 and 4620 mg/kg dry matter on Days 7 and 14 after EDTA application, respectively. EDTA was the best in solubilizing soil-bound Pb and enhancing Pb accumulation in the cabbage shoots among various chelates (EDTA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid [DTPA], hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid [HEDTA], nitrilotriacetic acid [NTA], and citric acid). Results of the sequential chemical extraction of soil samples showed that the Pb concentrations in the carbonate-specifically adsorbed and Fe-Mn oxide phases were significantly decreased after EDTA treatment. The results indicated that EDTA solubilized Pb mainly from these two phases in the soil. The relative efficiency of EDTA enhancing Pb accumulation in shoots (defined as the ratio of shoot Pb concentration to EDTA concentration applied) was highest when 1.5 or 3.0 mmol EDTA/kg soil was used. Application of EDTA in three separate doses was most effective in enhancing the accumulation of Pb in cabbage shoots and decreased mobility of Pb in soil compared with one- and two-dose application methods. This approach could help to minimize the amount of chelate applied in the field and to reduce the potential risk of soluble Pb movement into ground water. 相似文献
198.
Analysis of microcystins in cyanobacteria blooms and surface water samples from Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,China 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
Shen PP Shi Q Hua ZC Kong FX Wang ZG Zhuang SX Chen DC 《Environment international》2003,29(5):641-647
Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China. In recent years, the water pollution of cyanobacteria blooms has become a severe problem in this area. Microcystins (MCs) are an important group of toxic compounds mainly produced by some cyanobacteria species and have both acute and chronic hepatotoxic effects on animals and humans. This paper presents the first data on the identification and detection of MCs in both natural occurring cyanobacteria blooms and surface water samples (0-0.5 m), collected from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China. A conventional method for extraction and isolation of MCs from cyanobacteria blooms was applied. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the main toxic component in the cyanobacteria materials was MC-LR. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) against MC-LR produced by hybridoma technique was employed for direct competitive ELISA to detect the concentrations of MCs in bloom and water samples collected in 2001. The results not only revealed the presence of MCs but also temporal variations of MCs levels of three sampling stations in Meiliang Bay in 1 year. It is obvious that the MC contents were relatively higher during warm months and related with the status of eutrophication. Our study indicates the threat associated with MCs in water body of Taihu Lake. To prevent the MCs potential hazard on public health in this area, some necessary measures of monitoring and control of growth of cyanobacteria are urgently needed. 相似文献
199.
催化湿式氧化法处理吡虫啉农药废水 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
自制了Cu/Mn,Cu/Ce,Cu/Ni,Ce/Mn,Ce/Ag等催化剂,经过性能比较,选择催化活性较高且金属溶出量较小的Cu/Ni作催化剂。用催化湿式氧化法处理吡虫啉农药废水,考察了各种因素对处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:在进水pH为6.93、Cu/Ni加入量为4.0g、反应温度为190oC、氧分压为1.6MPa、反应时间为120min的条件下,COD去除率为95%;处理后废水的BOD5/COD从0.093增至0.590,可生化性明显改善。 相似文献
200.