提高环评报告书质量加快浙江省环境影响评价有效性建设

影响环境影响评价(EIA)有效性的因素较多．如相应的政策法规、管理机制和技术的正确性等。文章从环评技术角度出发,以抽样选取的浙江省1997～2001年间完成的100本环评报告书(EIS)为统计对象．按建设项目环保审批6项原则为依据,从产业政策符合性、选址与总图布局合理性、清洁生产、达标排放、总量控制、区域环境质量可达性等方面进行分析．评估了浙江省EIA有效性,探讨了目前EIA中存在的问题及原冈,提出了一些提高EIS质量、加快浙江省EIA有效性建设的建议     

低浓度Pb2+、Cd2+对鲫鱼肝脏组织中 HSP70诱导的影响

以鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)作为实验对象,经过40 d Pb2+、Cd2+不同浓度的暴露后,运用SDS-PAGE和Western Blotting方法检测鱼肝脏组织内应激蛋白HSP70的诱导表达情况.结果表明,在实验浓度下,与对照组相比,Pb2+、Cd2+对鱼肝脏内HSP70有显著的诱导(P＜0.05),但在Cd2+浓度为0.2 mg/L有停止表达HSP70的现象,可能是由于浓度过高造成了组织病理损伤而破坏了诱导表达机制.实验还发现,在实验浓度低于国家渔业用水标准时,HSP70仍然表现为明显诱导(P＜0.05),充分说明运用分子生物学指标要比传统的环境检测指标敏感,具有对污染物早期预警的作用.     

壬基酚及其短链聚氧乙烯醚在污泥和土壤中的存在和降解

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPnEO)是广泛使用的表面活性剂．在污水处理厂中会降解为具有内分泌干扰效应的短链产物和最终产物壬基酚(NP)。剩余污泥是其进入环境的重要途径。介绍了NP和短链NPnEO在污泥中的存在情况、污泥处理过程对其存在的影响、以及这些物质随污泥处置过程进入土壤后的降解。     

渗滤液中胶粒的梯度分离

用系列滤膜对老港填埋场的新鲜渗滤液、1991年垃圾产生的渗滤液进行了梯度分离 ,并研究了COD、氨氮、TS、DS、电导率和pH的变化趋势与不同孔径膜之间的关系 .结果表明 :随着系列膜孔径的减小 ,经过膜的梯度分离后 ,出水COD、氨氮、DS值逐渐减少 ,但减少的幅度并不一样 ,电导率先减小后增加 ,pH则先增加后减小 .     

GC/MS/MS法结合SPME进样测定饮用水中亚硝胺类化合物

本文利用岛津公司GCMS-TQ8050 NX三重四极杆气质联用仪以及AOC-6000自动进样器的SPME Arrow功能,建立了一种饮用水中亚硝胺类化合物的测定方法.水样经固相微萃取方式萃取后采用多反应监测模式(MRM)进行检测.11种亚硝胺类化合物在线性范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线相关系数(R) ＞0.999,检出限...     

船桥撞击力影响因素有限元仿真模拟分析∗

为了探究船桥碰撞时船撞力的影响因素,选取合适的船撞力为桥梁设计提供参考,采用动力分析软件 LS ? DYNA,结合沪通长江大桥、天生港专用航道桥以及厦漳大桥三座实桥,分别进行了不同船速、不同通航水位、不同基础形式和不同船型等因素对船撞力的影响分析研究。研究结果表明：船撞力峰值和船速正相关;中通行水位时, 船桥撞击动力响应最大;不同桥墩基础和不同船型对船撞力有较大影响。基于中国铁路规范和有限元计算结果, 考虑了船舶类型和基础类型对船撞力的影响,对船撞力计算公式提出改进方法,所得研究结果可为桥梁抗撞设计和研究提供参考。     

Influence of osmotic distillation on membrane absorption for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater

Osmotic distillation (OD) was found to be a coupled process in membrane absorption (MA) for the treatment of high strength ammonia wastewater. As a result, ammonia could not be concentrated in absorption solution(AS) as expected. The inhibition of the coupled OD in MA process was investigated as well as various factors affecting the inhibition. The results indicated that the coupled OD can be effectively inhibited by heating concentrated solution and cooling dilute solution. It was also found that experimental minimum inhibition temperature difference(MITD) between concentrated and dilute solutions was different when using polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) and polypropylene(PP) membranes respectively, which could be ascribed to material properties, such as OD and membrane distillation (MD) coefficients of the membranes. Experimental MITDs were found to be higher than theoretical MITDs which were calculated using a simplified method.     

Experimental study on pollutant movement in surf zone

The experiments on pollutant movement in surf zone were conducted on the two gentle beaches(with slope of 1:100 and 1:40, respectively), for diverse wave cases. The movement contours and direction of pollutants, under the action of regular and random waves with diverse wave amplitudes, were provided and studied in this paper. It was shown that, due to complicated hydrodynamics in surf zone, the pollutant movement state is quite complicated and different from that in pure current zone.     

Effects of traffic pollution on the genetic structure of Poa annua L. populations

The genetic composition of Poa annua L, populations with a series of traffic pollution was studied by starch electrophoresis. Five enzyme systems were stained. The results showed that: (1) Traffic pollution can dramatically change genotypic frequencies at some loci of P. annua populations. Significant deviations from HardyWeinberg equilibrium were observed on loci Fe - 1 and Me due to the excess of heterozygotes in some populations.(2) The effective number of alleles per locus and the observed and expected heterozygosity were higher in the pollution series than in the clear control site(Botanic Park population), but the increase was not related with the pollution extent. (3) Most genetic variation was found within populations, and only 6.21% was among populations of the polluted series. Slightly higher differentiation( FST = 7.98%) was observed when the control population was included. (4) The calculated gene flow(Nm) is 2.8841 per generation. The mean of genetic identity is 0.9864 and the genetic distance average to 0.0138.     

碳钠米管纤维在新型防弹衣中的性能优势

现代高科技武器的发展以及日益复杂的作战环境对防弹衣的防弹性能和穿着舒适性提出了更高要求。新材料仍将成为下一代新型防弹衣的开发方向。本文介绍的碳钠米管纤维早在20世纪90年代就已经被发现。由于其制造成本贵比黄金而一直未被广泛使用。近年来随着工艺技术的改进及生产规模的扩大,碳纳米管的生产成本大幅降低,其开发潜能和应用前景逐渐受到材料科学界和高新技术产业部门的关注。本文在分析现代常用防弹衣防弹机理的基础上着重论述碳钠米管作为超级纤维的独特性能在防弹领域中的应用优势。