Selecting peptide ligands of microcystin-LR from phage displayed random libraries

In the present study, we investigated to find novel ligands for low molecular weight environmental toxin, microcystin-LR (MC-LR) by using phage display technology. Two random libraries, displaying linear 12-mer peptides and cyclic 7-mer peptides, were screened against the immobilized target respectively. After three rounds of panning, phage clones that recognized microcystin-LR specifically were obtained from both the linear and the constrained libraries, proved by enzyme-linked immumosorbent assays and immunoprecipitation assays. DNA sequencing indicated that peptides displayed on some of the selected clones shared consensus sequences. Compared with traditional methods, this approach provided a cheaper and more rapid alternative to screen specific ligands for microcystin-LR. Moreover, since it is rather difficult to take small molecules as targets of phage display libraries, the success of this experiment expanded the applications of phage display technology, and provided a new avenue to study environmental small molecular toxins.     

运用雇主分立理论确定劳务派遣中的雇主责任

随着我国劳务派遣的快速发展，因劳务派遣而发生的侵犯被派遣劳动者合法权益的纠纷也层出不穷。与传统的劳动法律关系只有劳动者与用人单位两方主体不同，劳务派遣中涉及派遣单位、要派单位和被派遣劳动者三方的权利和义务。由于我国立法和理论研究的相对滞后，如何确认劳务派遣中的雇主以及雇主责任就成为各地司法机构和仲裁机构处理劳务派遣纠纷的焦点和难点。为此，笔者想谈谈自己的看法。     

长江下游氮、磷含量变化及其输送量的估计

根据在１９９７和１９９８年内对长江干流大通站河水的３次采样分析,结合该站１９６２～１９９０年的水质资料,对长江下游Ｎ、Ｐ含量变化及其输送量进行研究．总氮、总磷的平均含量分别为１．６～２．２ｍ ｇ·Ｌ^-1和０．１１～０．１５ｍ ｇ·Ｌ^-1,Ｎ 以ＮＯ^-_３ －Ｎ 为主,约占７６％ ,其余主要为溶解有机氮和颗粒氮;Ｐ以颗粒态为主,占９５％ 以上．从５、６月到８月,ＮＯ^-_３－Ｎ含量是逐渐降低的,ＤＯＮ含量有较大幅度的上升,ＰＮ、ＰＰ及ＴＰ含量也有所增高．与历史资料相比,长江大通站溶解无机氮（ＤＩＮ）和ＰＯ^3-₄－Ｐ含量还在不断上升,Ｎ、Ｐ含量的上升与流域化肥施用量变化趋势一致．１９９８年夏季洪水期间,约有７９．９５万ｔＮ和８．３６万ｔＰ从大通站向下游输送,其中ＤＩＮ与生物有效磷（ＢＡＰ）比值远高于浮游植物生长的Ｐ限制值.     

总程平衡治理技术处理饮料废水工艺

对可乐废水采用总程平衡治理技术,经调查、试验与计算,对废水实行动态的分流．将占总水量不足２％ 的浓废水进行厌氧处理,去除占ＣＯＤ总量７０％ 以上的污染物,使好氧处理负荷降低．根据费用计算中所作假设,在其它条件不变的情况下,总程平衡治理工艺吨水处理能耗可比常规好氧治理工艺节省４８％ ．     

如何处理交通运输中的几项辨证关系

交通运输是物质生产的一个特殊部门,是生产过程在消费领域中的再延续,它把生产与消费空间有机地连接起来,是实实在在的“流通领域”,它使人和物在全球范围内进行着生产、工作和学习的重新配置。交通活动是一个复杂的动态系统,在交通过程中人与人、人与车、人与路、车...     

重大工业隐患的地域监控体系研究

系统地分析了重大工业危险源与事故隐患 ;研究了地域监控、预警、应急预案的体系建设以及隐患监控的新技术应用基础 ;提出了职业安全卫生监控体系中的工业危险源和隐患监控。笔者认为 :应该分为过程安全监控和安全目标监控两个层次     

室内空气中多环芳烃(PAHs)的源及贡献率

采用因子分析及多元线性回归对杭州市室内外空气中PAHs的来源及其贡献率进行研究,求得PAHs总量与公共因子间的特征方程.结果表明,影响室内外空气中PAHs浓度的主要因子依次为烹调、卫生球的挥发、吸烟及加热、汽车尾气.在吸烟者家庭中,室内吸烟是影响室内空气中PAHs浓度的最重要的影响因子,其对室内空气中苯并(a)芘BaP的贡献率为25.8%.     

Temporal analysis of population genetic composition in the overexploited Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis>

The Japanese eel has dramatically declined in Asia since the 1970s. Over the past two decades, glass eel productivity in Taiwan has decreased, but is highly variable among each year catch, though the cause for this is unknown. The impact of both population decline and instability on genetic diversity, however, is unknown. In this study, we investigated changes in allele frequencies of Japanese eel recruitment events over the past 20 years using six polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci. Specimens of glass eels were collected yearly from a single location in northern Taiwan from 1986 to 2007. Overall genetic differentiation among all samples was very low but significant (F_ST = 0.002, P = 0.002), and only 2 out of 120 pairwise tests were significant. The relationship between genetic and temporal distance showed a slight but insignificant correlation (R² = 0.03, P = 0.0504). There were no overall significant differences in allelic richness (P = 0.35) or genetic heterozygosity (P = 0.73) among annual recruitment events. No apparent loss of genetic diversity and occurrence of a genetic bottleneck for eel populations were observed. Estimates of the effective population size (N_e) generally exceeded 500, although confidence intervals were very wide. While El Niño /Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events had little impact on genetic diversity, they may account for the annual fluctuation in glass eel catch. These results indicate long-term stability of genetic diversity in the Japanese eel with little evidence for sweepstakes recruitment.     

红壤坡地生态系统恢复过程植被群落的演变

应用样方调查方法,对湘北红壤坡地有人为干扰和无人为干扰两种方式下植被恢复情况进行了初步调查分析,结果表明:无人为干扰的坡地植被恢复在11年间经历了缓慢恢复和快速恢复两个阶段,不同坡位群落生物量稳步增长,正在逐步形成具有稳定群落结构的自然生态系统;人为干扰坡地植被恢复缓慢,由于水土流失,上坡位地下部生物量呈下降趋势,中坡位和下坡位地下部的生物量都大幅度的增加,此外人为干扰使得乔木类植物无法正常生长,从而不能形成具有明显垂直结构的稳定生态系统.     

城市污泥农用对生菜理化指标和品质的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了城市污泥农用时对生菜(lactucae)生理特性和品质的影响.实验结果表明,随着污泥施用量的增加,生菜的蒸腾速率呈现明显的上升趋势,当施用量为8 g·kg-1时蒸腾速率达到极大值,当施用量大于8 g·kg-1时生菜蒸腾速率开始减小.随着污泥施用量的增加,叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量呈现一定的波动变化,基本表现为在施用量为4 g·kg-1达到极大值,大于4 g·kg-1以后,基本呈降低趋势.随着施用量的增加,生菜中类黄酮,呈现先急剧增加然后逐渐减少的趋势,极大值出现在施用量为6 g·kg-1时.品质研究结果表明,可溶性糖的含量呈波动形变化,并且可溶性糖的含量的变化略微滞后于叶绿素含量的变化,极大值在施用量为6 g·kg-1时.含水量、可溶性蛋白和抗坏血酸的含量呈现先急剧增加然后逐渐减少的趋势,极大值分别出现在施用量为12 g·kg-1、6 g·kg-1和8 g·kg-1.生菜中硝酸盐的含量随施用量的增加呈现先降低然后逐渐增加的趋势,最佳量为10 g·kg-1.说明施加适量的污泥促进生菜的生长,有利于生菜品质的提高;而施加过量的污泥抑制生菜的生长并不利于品质的提高.对于生菜而言,有利于生长和品质提高的最佳施用范围为:6～10 g·kg-1.