以粉煤灰和电石渣为催化剂的聚丙烯裂解模型研究

对粉煤灰和电石渣为催化剂的聚丙烯裂解进行模型研究.通过模型计算了裂解反应的表观活化能、频率因子、反应级数等.模型计算表明随着反应温度的升高反应速率增加,达到相同转化率所需反应时间减少.当剂塑比从0增加到30%时,聚丙烯裂解的活化能呈现降低的趋势,特别当剂塑比为30%时,其活化能降低约50%.说明粉煤灰和电石渣对聚丙烯裂解具有一定的催化效果.     

包埋固定化微生物法处理含油废水研究

本研究通过包埋固定化微生物法固定除油(Y1#菌),用于处理含油废水,并以水体中乳化油去除率为指标考察了影响乳化油降解的各种因素.选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)-海藻酸钠(SA)复配作为包埋固定化载体材料,制备成固定化微生物小球(IMB),通过实验优化了IMB制备的工艺条件.连续批次除油实验结果表明,在25～40℃,固液比1∶10,HRT为6 h的条件下,进水油含量在20～50 mg/L,乳化油去除率可达85%～90%,出水油含量低于5 mg/L.     

SBR工艺脱氮设计的研究

SBR工艺在有效去除水中有机物的同时,兼顾脱氮除磷,不需要新增反应器,是一种高效、经济、管理简便,适用于中小水量的水处理工艺。该工艺的脱氮设计目前尚无一套完整的,公认的设计方法,本研究介绍了一种SBR工艺处理含氮污水的脱氮设计方法(如生物过程设计、水力设计),从而确定SBR工艺中的相关关键设计参数。     

Trihalomethane reactivity of water- and sodium hydroxide-extractable organic carbon fractions from peat soils

Certain organic carbon moieties in drinking source waters of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta can react with chlorine during disinfection to form potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic trihalomethanes. The properties of reactive organic carbon in Delta waters, particularly those of soil origin, have been poorly understood. This study attempts to characterize trihalomethane reactivity of soil organic carbon from three representative Delta peat soils. Soil organic carbon was extracted from all three soils with either deionized H2O or 0.1 M NaOH and sequentially separated into humic acids, fulvic acids, and nonhumic substances for quantitation of trihalomethane formation potential. Water-extractable organic carbon represented only 0.4 to 0.7% of total soil organic carbon, whereas NaOH extracted 38 to 51% of total soil organic carbon. The sizes and specific trihalomethane formation potential (STHMFP) of individual organic carbon fractions differed with extractants. Fulvic acids were the largest fraction in H2O-extractable organic carbon, whereas humic acids were the largest fraction in NaOH-extractable organic carbon. Among the fractions derived from H2O-extractable carbon, fulvic acids had the greatest specific ultraviolet absorbance and STHMFP and had the majority of reactive organic carbon. Among the fractions from NaOH-extractable organic carbon, humic acids and fulvic acids had similar STHMFP and, thus, were equally reactive. Humic acids were associated with the majority of trihalomethane reactivity of NaOH-extractable organic carbon. The nonhumic substances were less reactive than either humic acids or fulvic acids regardless of extractants. Specific ultraviolet absorbance was not a good predictor of trihalomethane reactivity of organic carbon fractions separated from the soils.     

Societal implications of a changing Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean is undergoing rapid change: sea ice is being lost, waters are warming, coastlines are eroding, species are moving into new areas, and more. This paper explores the many ways that a changing Arctic Ocean affects societies in the Arctic and around the world. In the Arctic, Indigenous Peoples are again seeing their food security threatened and cultural continuity in danger of disruption. Resource development is increasing as is interest in tourism and possibilities for trans-Arctic maritime trade, creating new opportunities and also new stresses. Beyond the Arctic, changes in sea ice affect mid-latitude weather, and Arctic economic opportunities may re-shape commodities and transportation markets. Rising interest in the Arctic is also raising geopolitical tensions about the region. What happens next depends in large part on the choices made within and beyond the Arctic concerning global climate change and industrial policies and Arctic ecosystems and cultures.     

Preparation of glass–ceramics from blast furnace slag and its heavy metal curing properties

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - High-performance slag glass–ceramics were prepared by melting method using rare earth-containing blast furnace slag as the main raw material...     

Copper recovery from leach solution of waste printed circuit boards by pulse current electrodeposition

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The copper recovery from waste printed circuit boards is of great significance to protect natural resource and environment. Direct current...     

改进的二相厌氧消化系统的特性研究

研究填充酸化反应器及其与ＵＡＳＢ甲烷化反应器组成的二相厌氧消化系统的运行特性,填充酸化反应器启动方便酸化速率高,抗水力冲击和ｐＨ波动的能力强,ＣＯＤ容积负荷达２００ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）,采用预调碱工艺,二相消化运行正常,可高效地处理酿酒废水,在进为ＣＯＤ浓度１０００－７０００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ负荷４０ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３．ｄ）时,出料ＣＯＤ浓度小于２００ｍｇ／Ｌ对抗生素生产废水也有较好的处理效果。     

兼氧接触工艺处理纺织印染废水的生产性试验

采用兼氧接触工艺处理纺织印染废水,该工艺具有电耗低,耐受高ｐＨ值冲击,降低ｐＨ值,降解部分有限物,提高废水可生化性的作用,生产装置进水ｐＨ８．８－１２．５,ＣＯＤ１２６６．９ｍｇ／Ｌ,兼氧接触处理出水ｐＨ７．６－１０．１ＣＯＤ８９４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ去除率２９．４％,出水经后续好氧处理,达到ＧＢ８９７８－８８二级新扩改排放标准。     

城市水污染物排放总量核定方法的研究

排污总量管理的首要任务是确定区域污染物排放总量。针对我国的水污染监测管理系统的现状,本文提出了一种“系统特征值核定排污总量方法”。该法以城市或城市某排污区的排污干管（或河道）输出的污染物总量实测值为基本依据,对各种排污总量的申报统计值进行正误的识别、校核与调整,汇总综合评价结果,核定排污总量及各个分量。该方法既使核定的排污总量增加科学性和准确性,又减少了核定的工作量;即使缺乏排污申报数据,也能迅速可靠地掌握城市的排污总量。该方法的有效性已在济南市应用中得到证实