Fe/Si/TiO2三元复合光催化剂的性能研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe/Si/TiO2三元复合光催化剂,利用X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)对样品进行了分析表征,并以甲基橙为模拟污染物,考察了其光催化活性.结果表明,Fe/Si/TiO2三元复合光催化剂与TiO2相比,光催化活性明显提高;当煅烧温度为900℃、添加Fe的摩尔分数为0.050%时,光催化活性最佳.     

Accumulation levels and characteristics of some pesticides in human adipose tissue samples from Southeast China

This paper presents a comprehensive study of pesticide levels and bio-accumulation characteristics in human adipose tissues among residents of Southeast China. A large number of adipose samples (n = 633) were selected for 58 pesticides and were analyzed by high sensitive Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The results showed that POPs pesticides were frequently detected, including 2,4′-DDD, 2,4′-DDE, 2,4′-DDT, 4,4′-DDD, 4,4′-DDE, 4,4′-DDT, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and mirex. Other detected pesticide species were dicofol, methamidophos and chlordimeform, which have rarely been reported. Comparing to different countries, the concentrations of total DDT and HCH in these three Chinese southeastern sites were in the middle range, whereas the HCB and mirex were in the lower end. A significant correlation was observed between region as well as age and POPs pesticide levels. Some pesticide residue levels were also found significantly correlated to occupation. However, there was no significant correlation between gender and pesticides. Meanwhile, it is interesting to find that mortality of malignant tumors tends to associate with the pesticides levels in human adipose tissue. More importantly, the measured data presented in this study provide realistic information which is useful for assessing human exposure to pesticides in the general population of Southeast China.     

摇动床生物膜反应器处理生活污水

介绍了一种新型的生物膜反应器——摇动床反应器,并采用模拟生活污水进行了小试试验研究。试验结果表明,在HRT=6h,DO=3～4mg/L,T=20～25℃,pH=7～8,C/N=20的条件下,该工艺可以达到最佳运行状况,有机负荷为0.64～3.00kgCOD/(m3.d)下,COD去除率平均达到85%,出水TN≤10mg/L,达到国家一级排放标准。     

Particle-facilitated lead and arsenic transport in abandoned mine sites soil influenced by simulated acid rain

The role of acid rain in affecting Pb and As transport from mine tailings was investigated by pumping simulated acid rain at a infiltration rate of 10.2 cm/h through soil columns. Simulated acid rain with pH of 3.0, 4.5 and 5.6 were used as leaching solutions. Results showed that 86.9–95.9% of Pb and 90–91.8% of As eluted from the columns were adsorbed by particles in the leachates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that particles released from the columns were mainly composed of flocculated aggregates and plate or rod shaped discrete grains. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) showed that these particles were predominantly silicate minerals. Results from our experiments demonstrated that when rapid infiltration conditions or a rainstorm exist, particle-facilitated transport of contaminants is likely to the dominant metal transport pathway influenced by acid rain.     

快速生物活性检测仪RBAT的研制

生物活性是污水处理厂好氧生物处理单元的重要运行指标。本研究基于好氧呼吸速率的双Monod模型推导了生物活性参数的计算公式 ,结合原理性实验 ,介绍了快速生物活性的测量过程和原理 ,并选择单参数法进行生物活性参数的计算 ,同时基于上述原理和开放式体系结构设计了快速生物活性检测设备 ,并进行了实际污水处理厂的测量实验。在多次实验中 ,测量结果稳定 ,活性参数能够可靠地描述污泥的状态。结果表明 ,快速生物活性检测仪性能可靠 ,是水处理过程研究和运行控制中反映活性污泥特性的良好测试手段 ,有较好的应用前景     

纳米颗粒的分散及其在水与废水处理中的应用

纳米颗粒由于其吸附活性而极易产生自身团聚 ,这不利于纳米颗粒在使用介质中的分散并影响其应用。本文综述了近年来有关纳米颗粒在水中的分散方法、原理及影响因素 ,归纳总结了分散的纳米颗粒在强化水处理中的若干应用。     

提高LIFAC法脱硫效率的工程实例

针对LIFAC法脱硫效率低的问题，从吸收剂的涡流循环喷钙装置、增强吸收剂的活性、抑制脱硫产物硫酸钙的高温分解等几个方面进行了剖析，并自制LIFAC法廉价喷钙剂，在佛山华丰纸业有限公司进行中试，取得了脱硫率平均90％以上的效果，最后，作者对该技术的优越性进行了评估。     

Chemometrics methods for the investigation of methylmercury and total mercury contamination in mollusks samples collected from coastal sites along the Chinese Bohai Sea

The development and application of chemometrics methods, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis and correlation analysis for the determination of methylmercury (MeHg) and total mecury (HgT) in gastropod and bivalve species collected from eight coastal sites along the Chinese Bohai Sea are described. HgT is directly determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS), while MeHg is measured by a laboratory established high performance liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry system (HPLC-AFS). One-way ANOVA and cluster analysis indicated that the bioaccumulation of Rap to accumulate Hg was significantly (P<0.05) different from other mollusks. Correlation analysis shows that there is linear relationship between MeHg and HgT in mollusks samples collected from coastal sites along the Chinese Bohai Sea, while in mollusks samples collected from Hongqiao market in Beijing City, there is not any linear relationship.     

预制床法生物修复胜利油田含油污泥的研究

针对胜利油田滨一污水站产生的含油污泥,建立了面积2400 m2的预制床处理工程,使用石油降解菌菌剂对含油量为110 160mg(以每千克烘干含油污泥计)的污泥进行了生物修复,经过160 d的处理后,含油污泥中石油降解率可达52.75%.针对北方冬季低温的特点,在处理场中建立了温室保温措施.温室内外修复效果的比较表明,在冬季采取适当的保温措施可以明显提高污泥中石油烃类的降解率.     

环保台帐──中小企业废水治理监督的有效手段

中小企业废水达标治理是目前环保监督管理的难点。对企业废水治理工程物料、能源消耗建立台帐管理是弥补现有管理方式不足,强化企业有效处理废水制约机制的有效手段。