全文获取类型
收费全文 | 795篇 |
免费 | 37篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 44篇 |
废物处理 | 125篇 |
环保管理 | 122篇 |
综合类 | 120篇 |
基础理论 | 187篇 |
环境理论 | 4篇 |
污染及防治 | 132篇 |
评价与监测 | 41篇 |
社会与环境 | 48篇 |
灾害及防治 | 13篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 12篇 |
2021年 | 19篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 18篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 41篇 |
2015年 | 33篇 |
2014年 | 21篇 |
2013年 | 62篇 |
2012年 | 33篇 |
2011年 | 48篇 |
2010年 | 41篇 |
2009年 | 46篇 |
2008年 | 42篇 |
2007年 | 48篇 |
2006年 | 45篇 |
2005年 | 28篇 |
2004年 | 22篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 9篇 |
1999年 | 11篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 5篇 |
1955年 | 5篇 |
1954年 | 2篇 |
1940年 | 2篇 |
1926年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有836条查询结果,搜索用时 593 毫秒
141.
Ants of the genus Camponotus are able to discriminate recognition cues of colony members (nestmates) from recognition cues of workers of a different colony (non-nestmates) from a distance of 1 cm. Free moving, individual Camponotus floridanus workers encountered differently treated dummies on a T-bar and their behavior was recorded. Aggressive behavior was scored as mandibular threat towards dummies. Dummies were treated with hexane extracts of postpharyngeal glands (PPGs) from nestmates or non-nestmates which contain long-chain hydrocarbons in ratios comparable to what is found on the cuticle. The cuticular hydrocarbon profile bears cues which are essential for nestmate recognition. Although workers were prevented from antennating the dummies, they showed significantly less aggressive behavior towards dummies treated with nestmate PPG extracts than towards dummies treated with non-nestmate PPG extracts. In an additional experiment, we show that cis-9-tricosene, an alkene naturally not found in C. floridanus' cuticular profile, is behaviorally active and can interfere with nestmate recognition when presented together with a nestmate PPG extract. Our study demonstrates for the first time that the complex multi-component recognition cues can be perceived and discriminated by ants at close range. We conclude that contact chemosensilla are not crucial for nestmate recognition since tactile interaction is not necessary. 相似文献
142.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in domestic indoor dust from Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
Harrad S Ibarra C Diamond M Melymuk L Robson M Douwes J Roosens L Dirtu AC Covaci A 《Environment international》2008,34(2):232-238
Because of the similarities in European and North American dietary exposure, it has been suggested that the order of magnitude higher body burdens in North Americans may be due to international variations in exposure via ingestion of indoor dust. Furthermore, ingestion of indoor dust has been suggested as a possible source of PBDEs in the blood serum of New Zealanders. Hence, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in domestic indoor dust from: Amarillo/Austin, Texas, US; Birmingham, UK; Toronto, Canada; and Wellington, New Zealand. Concentrations of BDE 209 in two UK samples were - at 520,000 and 100,000 ng g(-1) - the highest ever recorded in a domestic (or office) indoor dust sample. Median concentrations in ng g(-1) were: in Canada 620 and 560 for Sigmatri-hexa-BDEs and BDE 209 respectively; in New Zealand 96, BDE 209 not determined; in the UK 59 and 2,800; and in the US 1600 and 1300. With respect to BDE 209, concentrations were in the order: UK approximately US>Canada. For Sigmatri-hexa-BDEs, the order of concentrations was US approximately Canada>New Zealand approximately UK. Combined with principal component analysis of congener patterns, this suggests that, while North American dusts are contaminated by both Deca- and Penta-BDE commercial formulations, UK dusts are contaminated predominantly by Deca-BDE. The Octa-BDE formulation appears of minimal importance in accordance with available market demand figures. Despite the commercial formulations of PBDEs never having been manufactured in, nor imported into New Zealand, their presence in dusts from that country suggests international trade in PBDE-containing goods is an important pathway effecting their global distribution. 相似文献
143.
A minimum data set of water quality parameters to assess and compare treatment efficiency of stormwater facilities 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Urban stormwater runoff is often of poor quality, impacting aquatic ecosystems and limiting the use of stormwater runoff for recreational purposes. Several stormwater treatment facilities (STFs) are in operation or at the pilot testing stage, but their efficiencies are neither well documented nor easily compared due to the complex contaminant profile of stormwater and the highly variable runoff hydrograph. On the basis of a review of available data sets on urban stormwater quality and environmental contaminant behavior, we suggest a few carefully selected contaminant parameters (the minimum data set) to be obligatory when assessing and comparing the efficiency of STFs. Consistent use of the minimum data set in all future monitoring schemes for STFs will ensure broad-spectrum testing at low costs and strengthen comparability among facilities. The proposed minimum data set includes: (i) fine fraction of suspended solids (<63 μm), (ii) total concentrations of zinc and copper, (iii) total concentrations of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and benzo(b,k)fluoranthene, and (iv) total concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen. Indicator pathogens and other specific contaminants (i.e., chromium, pesticides, phenols) may be added if recreational or certain catchment-scale objectives are to be met. Issues that need further investigation have been identified during the iterative process of developing the minimum data set. 相似文献
144.
Ben Vanpeperstraete Sébastien Duyck Medani P. Bhandari Janis Brizga Leida Rijnhout Sylvia Lorek A. Peter Castro Chiung Ting Chang Herman Daly Robert J. Didham Gianluca Ferraro Oliver Greenfield Ashok Khosla Ernst Ulrich von Weizsäcker Birgit Lode Simon Miles Henrique Pacini Semida Silveira Leisa Perch Jaap Rijnsburger Mukul Sanwal Sameera Savarala S. Jacob Scherr Kallidaikurichi E. Seetharam A.M.M. Adeeb Donna Shepherd Adrian Smith Lisinka Ulatowska Alice Vincent Werner John 《Natural resources forum》2011,35(4):334-342
145.
Simon W. Townsend Markus Zöttl Marta B. Manser 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(10):1927-1934
Socio-demographic factors, such as group size and their effect on predation vulnerability, have, in addition to intrinsic
factors, dominated as explanations when attempting to understand animal vigilance behaviour. It is generally assumed that
animals evaluate these external factors visually; however, many socially foraging species adopt a foraging technique that
directly compromises the visual system. In these instances, such species may instead rely more on the acoustical medium to
assess their relative risk and guide their subsequent anti-predator behaviour. We addressed this question in the socially
foraging meerkat (Suricata suricatta). Meerkats forage with their head down, but at the same time frequently produce close calls (‘Foraging’ close calls). Close
calls are also produced just after an individual has briefly scanned the surrounding environment for predators (‘Guarding’
close calls). Here, we firstly show that these Guarding and Foraging close call variants are in fact acoustically distinct
and secondly subjects are less vigilant (in terms of frequency and time) when exposed to Guarding close call playbacks than
when they hear Foraging close calls. We argue that this is the first evidence for socially foraging animals using the information
encoded within calls, the main adaptive function of which is unrelated to immediate predator encounters, to coordinate their
vigilance behaviour. In addition, these results provide new insights into the potential cognitive mechanisms underlying anti-predator
behaviour and suggest meerkats may be capable of signalling to group members the ‘absence’ of predatory threat. If we are
to fully understand the complexities underlying the coordination of animal anti-predator behaviour, we encourage future studies
to take these additional auditory and cognitive dimensions into account. 相似文献
146.
Claire Suchet Laurent Dormont Bertrand Schatz Martin Giurfa Valérie Simon Christine Raynaud Jérôme Chave 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(5):1015-1027
Two wild subspecies of snapdragon, Antirrhinum majus, subspecies pseudomajus and striatum, differ in floral color and can be visually discriminated by insect visitors. The extent to which olfactory cues derived
from floral scents contribute to discrimination between snapdragon subspecies is however unknown. We tested whether these
two subspecies differ in floral scent and whether these olfactory differences are used by bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) to discriminate between them. We grew individuals of both subspecies, collected from a total of seven wild populations,
under controlled conditions. We quantified the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the flowers using gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry/flame-ionization-detection.
We studied antennal detection of VOCs by bumblebees, by means of electroantennogram study (EAG). We also performed behavioral
experiments in a Y-maze to determine the innate response of bumblebees to the main floral VOCs emitted by our snapdragon subspecies.
The floral scent of Antirrhinum majus pseudomajus contained three volatile benzenoids absent in the floral scent of Antirrhinum majus striatum. One of them, acetophenone, contributed over 69% of the absolute emissions of A. majus pseudomajus. These benzenoids elicited a significantly higher EAG response compared with other VOCs. In the Y-maze, bumblebees were significantly
less attracted by acetophenone, suggesting an aversive effect of this VOC. Our findings indicate that bumblebees are able
to discriminate between the two Antirrhinum majus subspecies. Differences in flower scent between these subspecies and olfactory bumblebee preferences are discussed in the
light of biochemical constraints on VOCs synthesis and of the role of flower scent in the evolutionary ecology of A. majus. 相似文献
147.
Certified management systems have increasingly been applied by firms in recent decades and now cover the management of health and safety, principally through the OHSAS 18001 standard. In order to become certified, firms must not only observe the relevant legislation, but also improve performance and raise goals within health and safety on a continuous basis. The article examines how certified occupational and health management systems influence this process to evaluate how far they hinder or support learning. It presents a model with which it is possible to identify and analyse improvement processes. The model is applied to five cases from a qualitative study of Danish manufacturers with certified health and safety management systems. The cases illustrate the wide variation in health and safety management among certified firms.Certification is found to support lower levels of continuous improvement performance in handling health and safety issues. However, more advanced improvement practices are shown to be connected to the integration of health and safety in other managerial areas, as well as to the employment of similar advanced improvement processes within firms. The article argues that certified health and safety management does not obstruct learning, and can support advanced learning. Improvement practices with regard to health and safety are mainly dependent upon the firm’s overall organisational processes and do not automatically arise from the standard alone. 相似文献
148.
Simon Marsden 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2011,31(6):593-601
China's EIA Law does not require transboundary proposals to be assessed, despite recognition of this globally, for example in the Espoo Convention and Kiev Protocol, and in the European EIA and SEA Directives. In a transboundary context assessment within a state is unusual, as regulating these effects is primarily about the relationship between states. However where a state has more than one legal system such as in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) Region of southern China, transboundary effects should also be addressed. Yet despite the geographical connections between Guangdong Province in mainland China (where the EIA Law applies) and the Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions (which have their own provisions, neither of which requires transboundary assessments), EIA and SEA are carried out separately. Coordinated or joint approaches to transboundary assessment are generally absent, with the legal autonomy of Hong Kong and Macau a major constraint. As a result institutional responses at the policy level have developed. The article considers global experiences with regulating transboundary EIA and SEA, and analyses potential application to land use, transport and air and water planning in the PRD Region. If applied, benefits may include prevention or mitigation of cumulative effects, broader public participation, and improvements to environmental governance. The PRD Region experience may encourage China to conduct and coordinate EIA and SEA processes with neighbouring states, which has been non-existent or extremely limited to date. 相似文献
149.
Asphalt products, particularly sealants, are prepared using petroleum products that contain a com‐plex mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Clearly, these products are ubiquitous in urban environments, which raises an issue regard‐ing the potential for PAHs to be transported from parking lots to underlying or adjacent soil, surface‐water bodies, or groundwater. Based on a literature review, there are limited studies focus‐ing on this issue; however, the studies that have been published have fascinating conclusions. The literature shows, as expected, that asphalt‐based products contain PAHs. The highest PAH concen‐trations are present in asphalt sealants, particularly those manufactured using coal tar. Furthermore, due to the low solubility and high partition coefficients of PAHs, the potential for PAHs to leach from asphalt surfaces is negligible, which has been confirmed by leachability studies. Thus, there is little risk that PAHs will be present in stormwater runoff or leach into groundwater from asphalt‐paved areas in a dissolved form. However, asphalt pavement and sealants produce particulate matter that can contain concentrations of PAHs in the sub‐percent range (100s to 1,000s mg/kg total PAHs) that is transported in stormwater runoff. Some studies show that this can cause soil and sediment con‐tamination with total PAH concentrations in the range of 1 to 10 mg/kg. From a remediation per‐spective, many site cleanups are conducted to remediate the presence of PAHs to cleanup goals below 1 mg/kg or, in some cases, 0.1 mg/kg or lower. From a total risk perspective, remediating sites to low PAH cleanup goals may be unwarranted in light of the risk of transportable PAHs produced from paved parking surfaces. In other words, is it reasonable to conduct a cleanup to remediate low PAH concentrations and then redevelop the area with asphalt pavement and sealant, which may pose a greater PAH‐related risk? © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
150.
Pienkoß Fabian Abis Marco Bruno Martina Grönholm Raul Hoppe Michel Kuchta Kerstin Fiore Silvia Simon Franz-Georg 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(1):364-377
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This work is aimed at exploring the recovery of heavy metals from the fine fraction of solid waste incineration bottom ash. For this study,... 相似文献